Amaranthus retroflexus
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Amaranthus retroflexus | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Caryophyllales |
Family: | Amaranthaceae |
Genus: | Amaranthus |
Species: | A. retroflexus
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Binomial name | |
Amaranthus retroflexus | |
Synonyms[2][3] | |
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Amaranthus retroflexus is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae with several common names, including red-root amaranth, redroot pigweed, red-rooted pigweed, common amaranth, pigweed amaranth, and common tumbleweed.[4]
Description
Amaranthus retroflexus, true to one of its common names, forms a
Culinary use
This plant is eaten as a vegetable in different places of the world. No species of genus Amaranthus is known to be poisonous,[8] but the leaves contain oxalic acid and may contain nitrates if grown in nitrate-rich soils, so the water should be discarded after boiling. The young shoots and leaves can be eaten raw.[9] The leaves are high in calcium, iron, protein, and phosphorus.[9]
A. retroflexus was used for a multitude of food and medicinal purposes by many Native American groups in the US West.[10] It is among the species consumed as a vegetable in Mexican markets as Quelite quintonil.
It is used in the Indian state of Kerala to prepare a popular dish known as thoran by combining the finely cut leaves with grated coconut, chili peppers, garlic, turmeric and other ingredients.
The seeds are edible raw[7] or toasted, and can be ground into flour and used for bread, hot cereal, or as a thickener.[11]
Use as fodder
Like many other species of Amaranthus, this plant may be harmful and even deadly when fed to cattle and pigs in large amounts over several days. Such forage may cause fatal nephrotoxicity,[12] presumably because of its high oxalate content. Other symptoms, such as bloat or methylglobineamia in the most severe cases, might reflect its high nitrate content.[13] However, when supplied in moderation, it is regarded as an exceptionally nutritious fodder.[14]
As a weed
A. retroflexus is a
References
- ^ NatureServe (5 May 2023). "Amaranthus retroflexus". NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
- ^ "Amaranthus retroflexus". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden.
- ^ The Plant List
- ^ a b Louis Hermann Pammel (1903). Some Weeds of Iowa. Experiment Station, Iowa State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. page 470
- ^ "Amaranthus retroflexus". Fire Effects Information System (FEIS).
- ^ "Amaranthus retroflexus (red-rooted amaranth)". Go Botany.
- ^ OCLC 244766414.
- ^ Plants for a future Archived January 15, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ OCLC 668195076.
- ^ "Native American Ethnobotany Data Base, search of Amaranthus retroflexus". Retrieved March 6, 2022.
- ^ "Amaranthus retroflexus | Redroot Pigweed | Male Finger". Archived from the original on 2014-03-04. Retrieved 2014-02-28.
- ^ FEIS Ecology
- ISBN 978-1-875093-30-4.
- ^ Watt, John Mitchell; Breyer-Brandwijk, Maria Gerdina: The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa 2nd ed Pub. E & S Livingstone 1962
- S2CID 216246076.
External links
- Media related to Amaranthus retroflexus (category) at Wikimedia Commons
- Jepson Manual Treatment
- Amaranthus reflexus in the CalPhotos photo database, University of California, Berkeley
- Amaranthus retroflexus L. Medicinal Plant Images Database (School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University) (in Chinese) (in English)
- "Amaranthus retroflexus". Plants for a Future.