Amide reduction
Amide reduction is a reaction in
Catalytic hydrogenation
Catalytic
atm and temperatures exceeding 200 °C).[1] Selective catalysts for the reaction include copper chromite, rhenium trioxide and rhenium(VII) oxide or bimetallic catalyst.[3][4][5]
Amines from other hydride sources
metal hydrides such as lithium aluminium hydride,[6][7][8][9][10] or lithium borohydride in mixed solvents of tetrahydrofuran and methanol.[11]
Iron catalysis by triiron dodecacarbonyl in combination with polymethylhydrosiloxane has been reported.[12]
Noncatalytic routes to aldehydes
Some amides can be reduced to aldehydes in the
Sonn-Müller method
, but most routes to aldehydes involve a well-chosen organometallic reductant.
Lithium aluminum hydride reduces an excess of N,N-disubstituted amides to an aldehyde:[citation needed]
- R(CO)NRR' + LiAlH4 → RCHO + HNRR'
With further reduction the
alcohol
is obtained.
Schwartz's reagent reduces amides to aldehydes,[13] and so does hydrosilylation with a suitable catalyst.
References
- ^ ISBN 9780471396987.
- OCLC 642506595
- PMID 28649715.
- S2CID 252725710.
- S2CID 238850541.
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- PMID 19784999.
- ISBN 978-0471264224.