Amphiesmenoptera
| Amphiesmenoptera | |
|---|---|
| |
Celastrina argiolus (Lepidoptera )
| |
| |
| Chaetopteryx villosa (Trichoptera) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Superorder: | Panorpida |
| (unranked): | Amphiesmenoptera Kiriakoff, 1948 |
| Subgroups | |
| |
Amphiesmenoptera is an
superorder, established by S. G. Kiriakoff,[1] but often credited to Willi Hennig in his revision of insect taxonomy for two sister orders: Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) and Trichoptera (caddisflies). In 2017, a third fossil order was added to the group, the Tarachoptera.[2]
Trichoptera and Lepidoptera share a number of derived characters (
synapomorphies
) which demonstrate their common descent:
- Females, rather than males, are heterogametic (i.e. their sex chromosomesdiffer).
- Dense setae are present in the wings (modified into scales in Lepidoptera).
- There is a particular venation pattern on the forewings (the double-looped anal veins).
- Larvae have mouth structures and glands to make and manipulate silk.[3]
Thus, these two extant orders are sisters, with Tarachoptera basal to both groups. Amphiesmenoptera probably evolved in the
ocellus, and changes to the legs.[3]
Amphiesmenoptera are thought to be the
Antliophora, a proposed superorder comprising Diptera (flies), Siphonaptera (fleas) and Mecoptera (scorpionflies). Together, Amphiesmenoptera and Antliophora compose the group Mecopterida.[4]
See also
References
- ^ S. G. Kiriakoff (1948). "A classification of the Lepidoptera and related groups with some remarks on taxonomy". Biologisch Jaarboek. 15: 118–143.
- .
- ^ ISBN 0-521-82149-5.
- PMID 11975347.