Antonov An-26

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An-26
An-26 of the
Serbian Air Force
Role Transport aircraft
National origin Soviet Union
Design group Antonov
First flight 21 May 1969[1]
Introduction 1970
Status Operational
Primary users Soviet Air Forces (former)
Russian Aerospace Forces
Pakistan Air Force
Vietnam People's Air Force
Produced 1969–1986
Number built 1,403
Developed from Antonov An-24
Variants Antonov An-32

The Antonov An-26 (NATO reporting name: Curl) is a twin-engined turboprop civilian and military transport aircraft, designed and produced in the Soviet Union from 1969 to 1986.[2]

Development

While the An-24T tactical transport had proved successful in supporting Soviet troops in austere locations, its ventral loading hatch restricted the handling of cargo, and in particular vehicles, and made it less effective than hoped in parachuting men and supplies.[3] As a result, interest in a version with a retractable cargo ramp increased, and the Antonov design bureau decided in 1966 to begin development on the new An-26 derivative, in advance of an official order. The cargo ramp was based on that design and allowed the cargo deck to be sealed and pressurised in flight. When loading cargo, it could either be lowered to allow vehicles to be driven in, or slid beneath the aircraft's fuselage, so that cargo could be loaded straight in off a truck bed. In March 1968, the OKB received official permission to begin development.[4] Particular attention was given to the military mission, and the majority of early An-26 production was delivered to the VTA (voyenno-transportnaya aviatsiya).[2]

Using the majority of the An-24 airframe, it has high-set cantilevered wings, wing-mounted twin turboprops with a turbojet engine in the starboard nacelle for use as an

tip-up paratroop canvas seats, an overhead traveling hoist, bulged observation windows and parachute static line attachment cables. It can be configured in 20-30 minutes from the troop transport or freight mission to the medical evacuation role with up to 24 stretchers fitted.[5]

The An-26 made its public debut at the 27th Paris Air Show at Le Bourget where the second prototype, CCCP-26184 (c/n00202), was shown in the static aircraft park.[citation needed]

The An-26 is also manufactured without a license agreement

Xian Y7 series.[6]

Total production

Total Production[7] 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 1969
1159 1 53 33 54 77 86 125 149 130 103 99 77 62 35 36 21 14 4

Operational history

The An-26 has a secondary bomber role with underwing bomb racks. The racks are attached to the fuselage in front of and behind the rear landing gear. In the bombing role it was extensively used by the

airborne assaults conducted by the Afghan Army’s commando and parachute battalions[11] and two military transport squadrons.[12]

One An-26 was involved in the Purulia Incident in 1995 in which arms were dropped in the Purulia district of West Bengal, India. The reason behind the drop is not disclosed to the public due to national security.[3]

Variants

An-26 cargo cabin
CAAC
Antonov An-26 at China Aviation Museum, Beijing
An-26
"Curl-A" : Twin-engine tactical transport aircraft.[13]
An-26-100
Convertible passenger/cargo aircraft modified from An-26 aircraft at the Kyiv plant from 1999.[14]
An-26 Nel'mo
An arctic surveillance and reconnaissance aircraft retrofitted with Nel'mo equipment.[15]
An-26 Pogoda
("Weather") Another aircraft for
weather control duties, similar to the An-26 Tsiklon, with a simplified equipment test lab.[16]
An-26 Polyot
("Flight") A single aircraft retrofitted for the purpose of research of unified air traffic control and monitoring system throughout the USSR, with a comprehensive navigation test lab including precision compasses and Doppler speed/shift sensors.[17]
An-26 Sfera
("Sphere") A single production aircraft built as a laboratory for atmospheric research.[16]
An-26 Shtabnoy
("Shtab" = "Headquarters") some An-26s delivered to the Soviet and DDR air forces for use as staff transports/mobile command posts.[18]
An-26 Vita
An-26 Vitauk
("Life") A single mobile operating room, surgery and intensive care unit ('25 Blue', c/n5406), for the Ukrainian Air Force.[16]
An-26A
A one-off assault transport prototype with higher performance due to removal of some military equipment.[19]
An-26ASLK
(Avtomatizirovannaya sistema lyotnogo kontrolya – automated flight control and monitoring system) : A modern flight control and monitoring system equipped with automatic calibration and navigation systems. Recognizable by the distinctive pod low on the forward fuselage side.[15]
An-26B
A civil cargo version equipped with ramps which can be swung up against the cabin walls when not in use. It was also equipped with two ZMDB Progress (Ivchyenko) Al-24VT turboprop powerplants to deliver higher thrust.[20]
An-26B
The prototype An-26B retrofitted as a mobile civilian emergency hospital.[20]
An-26B Tsiklon
("Cyclone") A weather research/control and cloud-seeding aircraft for the Central Aerologic Laboratory. This aircraft was used for rain induction and protection using cloud-seeding chemicals dropped from slab-sided pods hung from pylons.[16]
An-26B-100
Convertible passenger/cargo aircraft modified from An-26B aircraft at the Kyiv plant from 1999.[14]
An-26BL
Alternative designation for the An-26L.[15]
An-26BRL
Alternative designation of the An-26RL Arctic surveillance and reconnaissance aircraft.[15]
An-26D
(Dal'niy – long-range) An extended range version with extra fuel in wing tanks and additional external tanks attached to the airframe of the fuselage. One aircraft ('21 Yellow', c/n 13806) was retrofitted and delivered, but no further orders were forthcoming.[21]
An-26K Kaira
("Great Auk") A single An-26 aircraft converted to a Kaira test airframe for the development of airborne Laser guided systems.[17]
An-26K Kaplya
("Drop" [of liquid]) After completion of the laser designator trials the An-26K Kaira was retrofitted to search or optically guided weapons as the navigation systems. During a night test flight at low level, in March 1989, the An-26K Kaplya suffered a massive bird strike, which consequently destroyed the windshield and injured the pilot, who involuntarily downed the aircraft into the
Azov Sea.[17]
An-26KPA
(Kontrol'no-Poverochnaya Apparatura – Testing and calibration equipment) : A navigation aids inspecting aircraft with comprehensive navigation equipment and calibration equipment.[22]
An-26L
A single An-26, (14 Orange, c/n 00607), used at
NAVAID calibration.[15]
An-26LL-PLO
(Letayuschaya Laboratoriya – Protivolodochnoy Oborony – ASW (Anti-Submarine Warfare) testbed) : A single An-26A aircraft, (c/n 0901), retrofitted and modified to accommodate range of sophisticated laboratory for surveillance systems, detecting and tracking stealthy nuclear submarines.[16]
An-26LP
Firefighting version. At least 9 converted.[20]
An-26M Spasatel
("Rescuer") Flying hospital with an emergency surgery facility. Two converted.[23]
An-26P
(Protivopozharnyy – firefighting) : Aircraft fire-bomber, retrofitted with water tanks in pods on either side of the lower fuselage, which could be substituted for dispensers for silver iodide flares for rainmaking. At least 5 converted.[24]
An-26P Prozhektor
("Projector" or "Searchlight") A single conversion of an An-26 as a guided missile system airframe.[25]
An-26REP
(Rahdioelektronnoye protivodeystviye – ECM (Electronic Counter-Measures) ) : Electronic countermeasures aircraft fitted with active jammers in cylindrical pods on either side of the lower fuselage sides, as well as chaff and I/R flares for self-defense. One built but did not enter service.[26]
An-26RL
(Razvedchik Ledovyy – An arctic surveillance, reconnaissance and monitoring) : An arctic surveillance, reconnaissance and monitoring aircraft used to monitor the icebergs and ice formations at arctic circle fitted with SLAR (Sideways Looking Airborne Radar) in long pods on either side of the lower fuselage, extra fuel in a cargo hold fuel tank, provision for surveyors and radar operators.[15]
An-26RR
Alternative unit designation of the An-26RT
ELINT(ELectronic INTelligence) aircraft.[27]
An-26RT
"Curl-B": (First use of the designation) A basic designation for a series of ELINT aircraft fitted with a wide range of electromagnetic surveillance equipment. At least one aircraft, (tactical code '152'), retrofitted with the Tarahn (Ramming Attack) ELINT suite for use in Afghanistan.[27]
An-26RT
(Retranslyator – Interpreter - Translator): (Substitute of designation) Battlefield communications relay aircraft, fitted with powerful Inzheer (Fig) radio relay system, for connecting forward units to headquarters units. 42 built.[28]
An-26RTR
Alternative unit designation of the An-26RT ELINT aircraft.[27]
An-26S
(Salon – [VIP] Lounge) : A new VIP Lounge aircraft for the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense delivered about 1997.[14]
An-26Sh
(Shturmanskiy – Navigator) : Navigator trainer for the VVS, 36 built at Kyiv.[27]

Non-USSR /-Ukrainian versions

DDR An-26SM "369", later German Air Force "52+09", at the Museum Berlin-Gatow.
An-26SM
One aircraft modified as an ELINT aircraft for the East German Air Force.[29]
An-26M
One aircraft modified for NAVAID calibration and flight monitoring for the East German Air Force and transferred to the post-unification German Air Force.[30]
An-26ST
East German designation for An-26s used as staff transports.[18]
An-26T
Unofficial East German designation for An-26s operated by Transportfliegerstaffel 24 (transport squadron 24).[19]
An-26Z-1
Czechoslovakian ELINT conversion of one aircraft for ELINT duties.[31]
Xian Y-7
H
Military transport version. Chinese production version.[6]
Xian Y-14
Initial designation of the An-26 copy, later changed to 'Y-7H' (Hao – cargo).[6]

Operators

Military operators

Map with military An-26 operators in blue, and former military An-26 operators in red
Russian An-26 intercepted by a British Typhoon over the Baltics in July 2015
Ukrainian An-26B in Portugal
Russian Air Force Antonov An-26
Romanian Air Force Antonov An-26 at RAF Fairford in July 2023
 Angola
 Belarus
 Cape Verde
  • Cape Verde Army
    – 3
 Chad
  • Chad Air Force – three in service December 2016.[35]
 China
 Cuba
  • Cuban Air Force – operated 17,[36] two in service December 2016.[37]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo Air Force – three in service as of 2021.[38]
 Ethiopia
 Ivory Coast
  • Ivory Coast Air Force – two in service as of 2021.[38]
 Kazakhstan
  • Kazakh Air Force – five An-24 or An-26 in service December 2015.;[39] Received one refurbished An-26 from Ukraine on 3 November 2017.[40]
 Kyrgyzstan
  • Kyrgyz Air Force – two donated from Russia in August 2017.[41]
 Laos
 Libya
 Moldova
 Mozambique
  • Mozambique Air Force – one as of December 2016.[42]
 Namibia
 Nicaragua
 Puntland
 Romania
 Russia
 Sudan
 Syria
 Ukraine
 Uzbekistan
  • Uzbek Air Force – four as of December 2016[54]
 Yemen
  • Yemen Air Force
    – six

Former military operators

 Afghanistan
  • Afghan Air Force – Used until 1977,[55] all remaining aircraft retired June 2011.[56][57] One of their An-26 which defected to Pakistan, is preserved at PAF Museum, Karachi.
 Bangladesh
 Benin
 Bulgaria
 Cambodia
An-26 of the Czech Air Force
 Republic of the Congo
 Czechoslovakia
  • Czechoslovak Air Force
 East Germany
 Germany
 Guinea-Bissau
 Hungary
RIAT at RAF Fairford, England
 Iraq
An-26 of the Lithuanian Air Force (now retired)
 Lithuania
 Madagascar
 Mali
 Mongolia
  • Mongolian Air Defense Forces Command
    – four
 Niger
  • Niger Air Force – one, bought from Libya in 1997[62]
 North Yemen
 Pakistan
  • Pakistani Air Force
 Peru
An-26 of the Polish Air Force (Operated before 2009, now retired)
 Poland
Slovak Air Force An-26 at Farnborough Airshow, 2008
 Slovakia
 Somalia
  • Somali Air Corps
 South Yemen
 Serbia
  • Serbian Air Force
    – one retired in 2023
 Soviet Union
 Tanzania
  • Tanzanian Air Force
    – none; retired
 Transnistria
 Turkmenistan
  • Military of Turkmenistan
    – ten
 United States
Vietnam People's Air Force Antonov An-26

 Vietnam

 Yugoslavia
  • Yugoslav Air Force
    – 14
 Zambia

Civil operators

UTair Cargo An-26 at Pulkovo Airport
Polar Airlines An-26-100 at Yakutsk Airport
RAF-Avia An-26B at Birmingham Airport
 Belarus
  • Genex (two)
 Bulgaria
  • Air Bright (one)
 Colombia
  • Sadelca (one)
  • Servicio Aéreo del Vaupés SELVA (three)
 Cuba
 Denmark
  • SAS Cargo Group
    (one)
 Hungary
 Latvia
 Moldova
  • Valan International Cargo Charter[72]
 Peru
  • Aero Condor
    (one)
  • Amazon Sky (two)
  • ATSA (one)
  • Cielos Andinos
    (two)
 Philippines
 Poland
 Russia
 Sudan
 Tajikistan
 Ukraine
 Venezuela
  • Solar Cargo (two)
AN-26 operators within Aeroflot and post break-up Commonwealth of Independent States (data from[86])
UGA – (Upravleniye Grazhdanskoy Aviatsii – Civil Aviation Directorate) OAO – (Otdel'nyy Aviaotryad – independent flight detachment) LO – (Lyvotnyy Otryad – flight squad) / Aviaeskadril'ya – squadrons) Home Base CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) Airline)
Azerbaijan Baku 360th / 1st & 3rd squadrons Baku-Bina
AZAL
(no An-26s)
Belarusian
Gomel'
 105th / 2nd squadron Gomel' Gomel'avia
1st Minsk 353rd / 2nd Squadron Minsk-Loshitsa (Minsk-1) Belavia;Minsk-Avia
Central Regions
Bykovo
 61st / 4th Squadron Moscow-Bykovo Bykovo Avia
Kursk Kursk Kurskavia
Tula 294th Tula Tula Air Enterprise
East Siberian Chita 136th / 1st Squadron Chita Chita Avia
Irkutsk 134th Irkutsk-1 Baikal Airlines
Far Eastern 1st Khabarovsk 289th Khabarovsk Dalavia Far East Airlines Khabarovsk
Kamchatka
CAPA / Petropavlovsk 		Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Enterprise
Sakhalin CAPA / Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk UAD 147th Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk / Khomutvo
Sakhalinskiye Aviatrassy
Komi Pechora Pechora Komiavia;Komiinteravia
Krasnoyarsk Igarka 251st Igarka
2nd Krasnoyarsk 126th Krasnoyarsk-Severnyy
Kras Air
Khatanga
 221st / 2nd Squadron Khatanga
Leningrad
 2nd Leningrad 70th / 2nd Squadron Leningrad-Rzhevka Rzhevka Air Enterprise
Pskov 320th / 2nd Squadron Pskov Pskov Avia
Lithuanian Vilnius 277th Vilnius
Lithuanian Airlines
*
Magadan
Anadyr'
 150th / 2nd Squadron Anadyr'-Ugol'nyy Chukotavia
1st Magadan 185th Magadan-Sokol Kolyma-Avia
Seymchan Seymchan NW Aerial Forestry Protection Base
Moldavian
Kishinyov
 407th Kishinyov Air Moldova
North Caucasian Krasnodar 241st Krasnodar ALK Kuban Airlines
1st Krasnodar 406th Krasnodar
Tajik Leninabad 292nd / 2nd Squadron Leninabad
Training Establishments Directorate KVLUGA (Kirovograd Civil Aviation Higher Flying School) Kirovograd Ukraine State Flight Academy
Turkmen
Krasnovodsk
 360th Krasnovodsk Turkmenistan Airlines/Khazar
Tyumen' Salekhard 234th / 5th Squadron Salekhard
2nd
Tyumen'
 357th Tyumen'-Roschchino Tyumen'AviaTrans (UTair)
Ukrainian
Dnipropetrovsk
 327th Dnipropetrovsk-Volos'kie Dniproavia
Kirovograd Kirovograd-Khmelyovoye Air URGA
Simferopol 84th Simferopol Aviakompaniya Krym / Crimea AL
Urals
 Izhevsk Izhevsk Izhavia
Magnitogorsk Magnitogorsk Magnitogorsk Air Enterprise
1st
Perm'
 Perm'-Bolshoye Savino Perm Airlines
1st Sverdlovsk Sverdlovsk-Kol'tsovo Ural Airlines [Yekaterinburg]
Volga Penza 396th Penza Penza Air Enterprise
Saransk Saransk
Saransk Air Enterprise
West Siberian Barnaul 341st Barnaul Barnaul Air Enterprise
Kemerovo 196th Kemerovo
Novokuznetsk 184th Novokuznetsk Aerokuznetsk
Omsk 365th Omsk Omsk-Avia
Tolmachevo 448th Novosibirsk-Tolmachevo
Sibir'
Tomsk 119th Tomsk Tomsk Avia
Yakutian Kolyma-Indigirka Cherskiy?
Mirnyy 190th Mirnyy Almazy Rossii – Sakha (Alrosa)
Yakutsk 139th / 3rd Squadron Yakutsk
GosNII GVF (Gosudarstvenny Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiy Institut Grazdahnskovo Vozdushnovo Flota – state scientific test institute for civil air fleet) Moscow - Sheremet'yevo-1

*note: Lithuania was not a CIS country.

Accidents and incidents

SPLA
-fire and had to make an emergency landing.

1970s

  • 23 May 1976: An Aeroflot An-26 (CCCP-26567) crashed short of the runway near Teply Klyuch Airport, Russia.[87]
  • 14 July 1977: A National Air Force of Angola An-26 was shot down by UNITA rebels near Cuangar, killing 30 people on board.[88]
  • 18 August 1977: An Aeroflot An-26 (CCCP-26536) landed hard at Ust-Kuyga Airport due to pilot error; no casualties.[89]
  • 9 December 1978: An Aeroflot An-26 (CCCP-26547) lost control and crashed shortly after takeoff from Cherskiy Airport due to a shifted load, killing all seven on board. The cargo had not been secured properly.[90]
  • 26 March 1979: Aeroflot Flight 37293, an An-26 (CCCP-26569), struck a wooded hillside near Baykit, Russia, killing four of 12 on board.[91][92]

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

Aircraft on display

An-26 "52+09" at Berlin-Gatow
  • Germany
    • An-26, tail number "52+04", former East German "375", is exhibited at
      Technikmuseum Speyer
    • An-26, tail number "52+05", former East German "376" is exhibited at Schwäbisches Bauern- und Technik-Museum, Eschach-Seifertshofen
    • An-26, tail number "52+08", former East German "368" is exhibited at
      Flugausstellung Hermeskeil
    • An-26SM, tail number "52+09", former East German "369", is exhibited at Militärhistorisches Museum Flugplatz Berlin-Gatow
  • Poland
Former Lithuanian Air Force An-26B in early 1990s paintscheme, Kaunas Aleksotas (EYKS) airfield

Specifications

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89[192]

General characteristics

  • Crew: five (two pilots, one radio operator, one flight engineer, one navigator)
  • Capacity: 40 passengers / 5,500 kg (12,100 lb)
  • Length: 23.8 m (78 ft 1 in)
  • Wingspan: 29.3 m (96 ft 2 in)
  • Height: 8.58 m (28 ft 2 in)
  • Wing area: 74.98 m2 (807.1 sq ft)
  • Aspect ratio: 11.7:1
  • Empty weight: 15,020 kg (33,113 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 24,000 kg (52,911 lb)
  • Powerplant: 2 ×
    Progress AI-24VT
    Turboprop engines, 2,103 kW (2,820 hp) each
  • Powerplant: 1 × Tumansky Ru-19-A300 Turbojet booster / APU, 7.85 kN (1,760 lbf) thrust
  • Propellers: 4-bladed Constant speed metal bladed propellers, 3.90 m (12 ft 10 in) diameter

Performance

  • Cruise speed: 440 km/h (270 mph, 240 kn)
  • Range: 2,500 km (1,600 mi, 1,300 nmi) with maximum fuel
  • Range with max payload: 1,100 km (680 mi)
  • Service ceiling: 7,500 m (24,600 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 8 m/s (1,600 ft/min)

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

Citations

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Bibliography

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