Anaheim, California
Anaheim, California | |
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Website | www |
Anaheim (/ˈænəhaɪm/ AN-ə-hyme) is a city in northern Orange County, California, United States, part of the Greater Los Angeles area. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 346,824, making it the most populous city in Orange County, the tenth-most populous city in California, and the 55th-most populous city in the United States.[6] The second largest city in Orange County in terms of land area, Anaheim is known for being the home of the Disneyland Resort, the Anaheim Convention Center, and two major league sports teams: the Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball (MLB) and the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Anaheim was founded by fifty
Anaheim's city limits extend almost the full width of Orange County, from
Toponymy
Anaheim's name is a blend of Ana, after the nearby Santa Ana River, and German -heim meaning "home", which is also a common Germanic place name compound (compare Trondheim in Norway and many place names in Germany).[8]
History
Tongva era
Spanish and Mexican era
The area that makes up modern-day Anaheim, along with
Founding
The city of Anaheim was founded in 1857 by 50 German-Americans who were residents of San Francisco[12] and whose families had originated in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Franconia in Bavaria.[13][14] After traveling through the state looking for a suitable area to grow grapes, the group decided to purchase a 1,165 acres (4.71 km2) parcel from Juan Pacífico Ontiveros' large Rancho San Juan Cajón de Santa Ana in present-day Orange County for $2 per acre.[12]
For $750 a share, the group formed the
Although grape and wine-making was their primary objective, the majority of the 50 settlers were mechanics, carpenters and craftsmen with no experience in wine-making.[12] The community set aside 40 acres (16 ha) for a town center and a school was the first building erected there.[12] The first home was built in 1857, the Anaheim Gazette newspaper was established in 1870 and a hotel in 1871. The census of 1870 reported a population of 565 for the Anaheim district.[15] For 25 years, the area was the largest wine producer in California.[12] However, in 1884, a disease infected the grape vines and by the following year the entire industry was destroyed. Other crops – walnuts, lemons and oranges – soon filled the void. Fruits and vegetables had become viable cash crops when the Los Angeles – Orange County region was connected to the continental railroad network in 1887.[16]
Helena Modjeska
Polish actress Helena Modjeska settled in Anaheim with her husband and various friends, among them Henryk Sienkiewicz, Julian Sypniewski and Łucjan Paprocki. While living in Anaheim, Helena Modjeska became good friends with Clementine Langenberger, the second wife of August Langenberger.[17] Helena Street[18] and Clementine Street[18] are named after these two ladies, and the streets are located adjacent to each other as a symbol of the strong friendship which Helena Modjeska and Clementine Lagenberger shared. Modjeska Park[19] in West Anaheim, is also named after Helena Modjeska.
Early 20th century
During the first half of the 20th century, Anaheim was a massive rural community dominated by orange
In 1924,
The opposition to the KKK's hold on Anaheim politics organized, bribed a Klansman for their secret membership list, and exposed the Klansmen running in the state primaries, defeating most of the candidates. Klan opponents in 1925 took back local government, and succeeded in a special election in recalling the Klansmen who had been elected in April 1924. The Klan in Anaheim quickly collapsed; its newspaper closed after losing a libel suit, and the minister who led the local Klavern moved to Kansas.[22]
Mid to late 20th century: Disneyland and the Anaheim Resort
Construction of the
By the mid-1960s, the city's explosive growth would attract a
In the 1990s, while Disneyland was undergoing a significant expansion project surrounding the construction of
Part of the project included removing the colorful neon signs and replacing them with shorter, more modest signs, as well as widening the arterial streets in the area into tree-lined boulevards.[26][27]
21st century
In 2001, Disney's California Adventure (renamed
In July 2012,
Geography
Anaheim is located at 33°50′10″N 117°53′23″W / 33.836165°N 117.889769°W
Cityscape
The city recognizes several districts, including the
Climate
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Like many other South Coast cities, Anaheim maintains a borderline hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh), a little short of a Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa) characterized by warm winters with erratic heavy rainfalls, and hot, essentially rainless summers.[37] The record high temperature in Anaheim is 115 °F (46 °C) on July 6, 2018[38][39] and the record low temperature is 30 °F (−1 °C) on February 15, 1990, and January 30, 2002.[40]
Climate data for Anaheim, California (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1989–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 95 (35) |
97 (36) |
98 (37) |
106 (41) |
106 (41) |
106 (41) |
107 (42) |
105 (41) |
110 (43) |
107 (42) |
102 (39) |
91 (33) |
110 (43) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 84.5 (29.2) |
85.3 (29.6) |
88.0 (31.1) |
92.4 (33.6) |
91.7 (33.2) |
92.9 (33.8) |
96.0 (35.6) |
98.3 (36.8) |
101.6 (38.7) |
98.1 (36.7) |
91.1 (32.8) |
82.4 (28.0) |
103.6 (39.8) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 71.0 (21.7) |
71.0 (21.7) |
73.7 (23.2) |
76.6 (24.8) |
78.0 (25.6) |
81.7 (27.6) |
86.8 (30.4) |
88.8 (31.6) |
87.8 (31.0) |
83.4 (28.6) |
76.8 (24.9) |
70.6 (21.4) |
78.8 (26.0) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 59.9 (15.5) |
60.2 (15.7) |
62.6 (17.0) |
65.3 (18.5) |
68.1 (20.1) |
71.7 (22.1) |
76.2 (24.6) |
77.4 (25.2) |
75.9 (24.4) |
71.3 (21.8) |
64.9 (18.3) |
59.4 (15.2) |
67.7 (19.8) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 48.9 (9.4) |
49.3 (9.6) |
51.4 (10.8) |
52.8 (11.6) |
58.2 (14.6) |
61.7 (16.5) |
65.6 (18.7) |
66.0 (18.9) |
64.1 (17.8) |
59.3 (15.2) |
53.0 (11.7) |
48.2 (9.0) |
56.5 (13.6) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 39.0 (3.9) |
39.7 (4.3) |
42.2 (5.7) |
45.9 (7.7) |
51.1 (10.6) |
55.4 (13.0) |
59.4 (15.2) |
59.8 (15.4) |
56.7 (13.7) |
50.8 (10.4) |
43.4 (6.3) |
38.0 (3.3) |
36.3 (2.4) |
Record low °F (°C) | 30 (−1) |
30 (−1) |
37 (3) |
38 (3) |
45 (7) |
50 (10) |
54 (12) |
52 (11) |
51 (11) |
44 (7) |
33 (1) |
32 (0) |
30 (−1) |
Average rainfall inches (mm) | 3.34 (85) |
3.47 (88) |
1.86 (47) |
0.83 (21) |
0.53 (13) |
0.15 (3.8) |
0.07 (1.8) |
0.01 (0.25) |
0.10 (2.5) |
0.72 (18) |
0.99 (25) |
2.02 (51) |
14.09 (356.35) |
Average rainy days (≥ 0.01 in) | 6.1 | 6.3 | 4.9 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 5.7 | 34.7 |
Source: NOAA[41][42] |
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1870 | 881 | — | |
1880 | 833 | −5.4% | |
1890 | 1,273 | 52.8% | |
1900 | 1,456 | 14.4% | |
1910 | 2,628 | 80.5% | |
1920 | 5,526 | 110.3% | |
1930 | 10,995 | 99.0% | |
1940 | 11,031 | 0.3% | |
1950 | 14,556 | 32.0% | |
1960 | 104,184 | 615.7% | |
1970 | 166,408 | 59.7% | |
1980 | 219,494 | 31.9% | |
1990 | 266,406 | 21.4% | |
2000 | 328,014 | 23.1% | |
2010 | 336,265 | 2.5% | |
2020 | 346,824 | 3.1% | |
2023 (est.) | 328,580 | [43] | −5.3% |
U.S. Decennial Census[44] |
2020
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000[45] | Pop 2010[46] | Pop 2020[47] | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
White alone (NH)
|
117,607 | 92,362 | 78,237 | 35.85% | 27.47% | 22.56% |
Black or African American alone (NH)
|
7,939 | 8,209 | 8,465 | 2.42% | 2.44% | 2.44% |
Alaska Native alone (NH)
|
1,049 | 743 | 646 | 0.32% | 0.22% | 0.19% |
Asian alone (NH) | 38,919 | 49,210 | 60,632 | 11.87% | 14.63% | 17.48% |
Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 1,263 | 1,437 | 1,297 | 0.39% | 0.43% | 0.37% |
Some Other Race alone (NH) | 457 | 628 | 1,485 | 0.14% | 0.19% | 0.43% |
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) | 7,406 | 6,209 | 9,411 | 2.26% | 1.85% | 2.71% |
Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 153,374 | 177,467 | 186,651 | 46.76% | 52.78% | 53.82% |
Total | 328,014 | 336,467 | 346,824 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
2010
The
- 177,237 (52.7%) non-Hispanic Whitealone),
- 80,705 (24.0%) from other races
- 49,857 (14.8%) Asian(4.4% Vietnamese, 3.6% Filipino, 2.0% Korean, 1.4% Chinese, 1.3% Indian)
- 1,607 (0.5%) Pacific Islander
- 14,864 (4.4%) from two or more races (multiracial/mestizo)
- 9,347 (2.8%) African American
- 2,648 (0.8%) Native American
There were 177,467
The census reported that 332,708 people (98.9% of the population) lived in households, 2,020 (0.6%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 1,537 (0.5%) were institutionalized.
There were 98,294 households, out of which 44,045 (44.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 52,518 (53.4%) were
The age distribution of the population was as follows: 91,917 people (27.3%) under the age of 18, 36,506 people (10.9%) aged 18 to 24, 101,110 people (30.1%) aged 25 to 44, 75,510 people (22.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 31,222 people (9.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males.
There were 104,237 housing units at an average density of 2,051.5 per square mile (792.1/km2), of which 47,677 (48.5%) were owner-occupied, and 50,617 (51.5%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.2%. 160,843 people (47.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 171,865 people (51.1%) lived in rental housing units.
According to the 2010 United States Census, Anaheim had a median household income of $59,627, with 15.6% of the population living below the federal poverty line.[50]
2000
As of the census
Of Anaheim's 96,969 households, 43.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.3% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.2% were non-families. 18.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.34 and the average family size was 3.75.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.2% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 33.5% from 25 to 44, 17.7% from 45 to 64, and 8.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.1 males.
The median income household income was $47,122, and the median family income was $49,969. Males had a median income of $33,870 versus $28,837 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,266. About 10.4% of families and 14.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.9% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Anaheim's income is based on a tourism economy. In addition to
The Anaheim Canyon business park makes up 63% of Anaheim's industrial space and is the largest industrial district in Orange County. Anaheim Canyon is also home to the second-largest business park in Orange County.[52][53]
Several notable companies have corporate offices and/or headquarters within Anaheim.
- Anaheim Memorial Medical Center
- AT&T
- Banco Popular, a bank based in Puerto Rico, has its mainland American headquarters in Anaheim
- CKE Restaurants, the parent company of the Carl's Jr., Hardee's, Green Burrito, and Red Burrito restaurant chains (formerly headquartered)
- Walt Disney Company
- Extron Electronics, designs, manufactures, and services A/V electronics worldwide
- Fisker Automotive[54]
- Fujitsu, computer
- General Dynamics
- Hewlett-Packard[55]
- Isuzu[56] North American headquarters
- Kaiser Foundation
- L-3 Communications
- Living Stream Ministry
- Pacific Sunwear
- Panasonic[57]
- Pendarvis Manufacturing[58]
- Raytheon
- Sunny Delight[59]
- Targus, a computer peripheral manufacturer
- Tenet Healthcare
- Toyota Financial Services
- YKK,[60] world's largest zipper manufacturing firm
- Yogurtland
- Zyxel, maker of routers, switches and other networking products
Top employers
According to the city's 2021 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report,[61] the top employers in the city are:
# | Employer | # of employees |
---|---|---|
1 | Disneyland Resort | 19,000 |
2 | Kaiser Foundation Hospital
|
4,194 |
3 | L-3 Communications
|
1,234 |
4 | Anaheim Regional Medical Center | 1,200 |
5 | Northgate González Markets | 1,079 |
6 | Hilton Anaheim | 1,000 |
7 | West Anaheim Medical Center | 865 |
8 | Angels Baseball
|
824 |
9 | Carrington Mortgage Services | 800 |
10 | St. Joseph Heritage Healthcare | 800 |
Retail
Larger retail centers include the
Attractions
- American Sports Centers, home of the U.S. men's national volleyball team and U.S. women's national volleyball team[64]
- Anaheim Convention Center
- Anaheim GardenWalk
- Anaheim Hills Golf Course
- Anaheim Founders' Park
- Anaheim Ice
- Anaheim/OC Walk of Stars[65]
- Angel Stadium of Anaheim
- Dad Miller Golf Course
- Disneyland Resort
- Disneyland Park
- Disney California Adventure Park
- Downtown Disney
- Flightdeck Flight Simulation Center
- The Grove of Anaheim, formerly the Sun Theater, formerly Tinseltown Studios
- Honda Center, formerly the Arrowhead Pond of Anaheim
- La Palma Park[66]
- MUZEO, Art Museum located in Downtown Anaheim
- Oak Canyon Nature Center
Sports teams
Current teams
- NHL team: Anaheim Ducks – 2007 Stanley Cup Champions
- MLB team: Los Angeles Angels – 2002 World SeriesChampions under the name Anaheim Angels
Defunct or relocated teams
- NLL team: Anaheim Storm (Folded after 2004–2005 season because of low attendance)
- .
- Arrowhead Pond of Anaheim from 1994 through 1999 before moving permanently to Crypto.com Arena in Downtown Los Angeles.
- Anaheim Stadiumfrom 1974 to 1975.
- Arena Football League team: Anaheim Piranhas played at the Arrowhead Pond from 1994 to 1997.
- AFL team: Los Angeles Kiss played at Honda Center from 2014 to 2016.
- Murphy CupChampionship twice.
- American Basketball Association team: Anaheim Amigos played at the Anaheim Convention Center during the 1967–68 Season, then moved to Los Angeles.
- Southern California Surf played at the Anaheim Convention Centerfrom 2001 to 2002.
- Anaheim Arsenal played at the Anaheim Convention Center from 2006 to 2009. The team moved to Springfield, Massachusettsand was renamed for the 2009–2010 season.
- World Team Tennis: The Anaheim Oranges[67]played in 1978.
- Continental Indoor Soccer League Team: The Anaheim Splash, played from 1994 to 1997.
- California Surf of the now defunct North American Soccer League played from 1978 to 1981.
Court battle against the Angels
On January 3, 2005, Angels Baseball LP, the ownership group for the Anaheim Angels, announced that it would change the name of the club to the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. Team spokesmen pointed out that from its inception, the Angels had been granted territorial rights by
Mayor
Anaheim appealed the court decision with the
Government and politics
Anaheim was, at one point in time, one of the most
Year | Democratic | Republican | Third parties
|
---|---|---|---|
2020[71] | 58.65% 77,895 | 39.25% 52,124 | 2.10% 2,794 |
2016[72] | 57.93% 59,566 | 35.44% 36,438 | 6.63% 6,812 |
2012[73] | 52.73% 47,662 | 44.83% 40,517 | 2.44% 2,206 |
2008[74] | 51.34% 47,433 | 46.46% 42,924 | 2.19% 2,025 |
2004[75] | 40.95% 34,598 | 57.89% 48,914 | 1.16% 982 |
2000[76] | 43.93% 34,787 | 52.28% 41,401 | 3.80% 3,006 |
1996[77] | 40.38% 28,924 | 48.86% 34,999 | 10.75% 7,703 |
1992[78] | 32.46% 27,211 | 43.39% 36,375 | 24.16% 20,255 |
1988[79] | 31.58% 24,881 | 67.21% 52,954 | 1.22% 959 |
1984[80] | 24.28% 19,266 | 74.66% 59,238 | 1.05% 836 |
1980[81] | 23.34% 17,816 | 68.08% 51,960 | 8.58% 6,546 |
1976[82] | 39.67% 26,464 | 58.10% 38,758 | 2.23% 1,484 |
City government
Under its
Up until 2014, all council seats were elected at large. Voters elected the mayor and four other members of the city council to serve four-year staggered terms. Elections for two council seats were held in years divisible by four while elections for the mayor and the two other council seats were elected during the intervening even-numbered years.
In response to protests and a California Voting Rights Act lawsuit by the American Civil Liberties Union and several residents, the city placed two measures on the November 2014 ballot. Measure L proposed that council members be elected by district instead of at large. Measure M proposed to increase the number of council seats from five to seven. Both measures passed.[83]
The current city council consists of:[84]
- Mayor Ashleigh Aitken(since 2022)
- Mayor Pro Tem Natalie Rubalcava (since 2022)
- Jose Diaz, District 1 (since 2020)
- Carlos A. Leon, District 2 (since 2022)
- Natalie Rubalcava District 3 (since 2022)
- Norma Campos Kurtz District 4 (since 2023)
- Stephen Faessel, District 5 (since 2016)
- Natalie Meeks, District 6 (since 2022)
Federal, state and county representation
In the United States House of Representatives, Anaheim is split between two districts:[85]
- California's 40th congressional district, represented by Republican Young Kim since 2021, and
- California's 46th congressional district, represented by Democrat Lou Correa since 2017.
In the California State Senate, Anaheim is split between two districts:[85]
- the 34th Senate District, represented by Democrat Tom Umbergsince 2018, and
- since 2020.
In the California State Assembly, Anaheim is split among three districts:[85]
- the 59th Assembly District, represented by Republican Phillip Chen since 2016,
- the 67th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Sharon Quirk-Silva since 2016, and
- the 68th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Avelino Valencia since 2022.
On the Orange County Board of Supervisors, Anaheim is split among three districts, with Anaheim Hills in the 3rd District, West Anaheim and northern Anaheim in the 4th District, and the remainder of Anaheim in the 2nd district:
- the 2nd supervisorial district, represented by Democrat Vicente Sarmiento since 2023,
- the 3rd supervisorial district, represented by Republican Donald P. Wagner since 2019, and
- the 4th supervisorial district, represented by Democrat Doug Chaffee since 2019.
Infrastructure
Emergency services
Fire protection is provided by the
Anaheim Public Utilities
Anaheim Public Utilities is the only municipal owned water and electric utility in Orange County, providing residential and business customers with water and electric services. The utility is regulated and governed locally by the City Council. A Public Utilities Board, made up of Anaheim residents, advises the City Council on major utility issues.[86]
Anaheim has decided to bury power lines along major transportation corridors, converting its electricity system for aesthetic and reliability purposes.[87] To minimize the impact on customer bills, undergrounding is taking place slowly over a period of 50 years, funded by a 4% surcharge on electric bills.[88]
Crime
In 2019, Anaheim reported 8 murders; given its population, this rate was lower than the average national rate by 17%. Reported rapes in the city are relatively uncommon as well, but have been increasing, along with the national average. Robbery (396 reported incidents) and aggravated assault (575 incidents) rank among the most frequent
Education
Schools
Anaheim is served by seven public school districts:[90]
Anaheim is home to 74 public schools,[65] 47 of which serve elementary students, nine are junior high schools, fourteen are high schools and three offer alternative education.
Private schools in the city include Acaciawood Preparatory Academy, Cornelia Connelly High School, Fairmont Preparatory Academy, Servite High School and Zion Lutheran School (PS2-Grade 8).
Higher education
Anaheim has two private universities: Anaheim University and Southern California Institute of Technology (SCIT).
The North Orange County Community College District and Rancho Santiago Community College District serve the community.
Libraries
Anaheim has eight public library branches.
Transportation
In the main portion of the city (not including Anaheim Hills), the major surface streets running west–east, starting with the northernmost, are Orangethorpe Avenue, La Palma Avenue, Lincoln Avenue, Ball Road, and Katella Avenue. The major surface streets running south–north, starting with the westernmost, are Knott Avenue, Beach Boulevard (SR 39), Magnolia Avenue, Brookhurst Street, Euclid Street, West Street/Disneyland Drive, Harbor Boulevard, Anaheim Boulevard, East Street, State College Boulevard, Kraemer Boulevard, and Tustin Avenue.
In Anaheim Hills, the major surface streets that run west–east include Orangethorpe Avenue, La Palma Avenue, Santa Ana Canyon Road, and Nohl Ranch Road. Major surface streets that run north–south include Lakeview Avenue and Fairmont Boulevard. Imperial Highway (SR 90) and Yorba Linda Boulevard/Weir Canyon Road run as south–north roads in the city of Anaheim, but north of Anaheim, Imperial Highway and Yorba Linda Boulevard become west–east arterials.
Seven
Anaheim is served by two major railroads, the Union Pacific Railroad and the BNSF Railway. In addition, the Anaheim Regional Transportation Intermodal Center (ARTIC), a major regional transit station near Honda Center and Angel Stadium, serves Amtrak, Metrolink, and several bus operators, and the Anaheim Canyon Metrolink station serves Metrolink's Inland Empire–Orange County Line. ARTIC is a proposed stop on the proposed California High-Speed Rail network.[91][92]
The
Anaheim is equidistant from
Notable people
Sister cities
Anaheim has the following
See also
- History of California
- List of cities and towns in California
- List of museums in Orange County, California
- List of U.S. cities with large Hispanic populations
References
- ^ a b "California Cities by Incorporation Date". California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions. Archived from the original (Word) on November 3, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
- ^ "2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ "Anaheim". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
- ^ "QuickFacts: Anaheim city, California". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ "ZIP Code(tm) Lookup". United States Postal Service. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
- ^ "QuickFacts Anaheim city, California". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "Interim City Manager". City of Anaheim. Archived from the original on April 1, 2015. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
- ISBN 978-0-520-24217-3.
- ^ Southern California Indian Curriculum Guide (PDF), The Bowers Museum of Cultural Art, 2002
- ^ OCLC 745176510.
- OCLC 914181947.
- ^ a b c d e f g Armor, Samuel; E.B. Merritt (1921). "IV". History of Orange County, California: With Biographical Sketches. Los Angeles: Historic Record Company. p. 53. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
- ^ "THE GERMANS OF ORANGE COUNTY : Euphoria Prevails at Phoenix Club After Dramatic Events in Ancestral Land". Los Angeles Times. February 24, 1990. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
- ^ "Founders' Park". Anaheim.net. Archived from the original on March 26, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
- ^ Paul R. Spitzzeri (Fall 2007). "What a Difference a Decade Makes: Ethnic and Racial Demographic Change in Los Angeles County during the 1860s" (PDF). Branding Iron.
- ^ Phil Brigandi (March 9, 2007). "A brief history of Orange County" (PDF). County of Orange. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 28, 2009. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
- ^ "August Langenberger". Archived from the original on February 3, 2006.
- ^ a b "City of Anaheim – A Brief History of Modern Day Anaheim". Anaheim.net. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved October 17, 2011.
- ^ "City of Anaheim – Modjeska Park Picnic Shelter". Anaheim.net. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved October 17, 2011.
- ^ a b "City of Anaheim – Parks Division". Anaheim.net. Archived from the original on November 24, 2011. Retrieved October 17, 2011.
- ^ "Boysen Park". Events.ocregister.com. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
- ^ a b Christopher N. Cocoltchos, "The Invisible Empire and the Search for the Orderly Community: The Ku Klux Klan in Anaheim, California", in Shawn Lay, ed. The invisible empire in the West (2004), pp. 97–120.
- ISBN 0-941613-17-8.
- ^ "Anaheim Resort". Google Maps. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
- ^ "City of Anaheim official site". Anaheim.net. March 7, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
- ^ Grad, Shelby (August 26, 1996). "Cities' Towering Signs Coming Down to Earth". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ "Travel Advisory - Correspondent's Report - A Makeover in Anaheim, For Parks and City - NYTimes.com". The New York Times. May 27, 2015. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015.
- ^ Niles, Robert (2013). "Theme Park History: A short history of Disney California Adventure". Theme Park Insider. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
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Bibliography
External links
- Official website
- Anaheim Historical Society
- Anaheim, California on the C-SPAN Cities Tour website