Anakinra
Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Kineret |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a602001 |
License data | |
Pregnancy category |
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Subcutaneous | |
ATC code | |
Legal status | |
Legal status | |
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 95% |
Metabolism | predominantly kidney |
Elimination half-life | 4-6 hrs |
Identifiers | |
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CAS Number | |
DrugBank | |
ChemSpider |
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UNII | |
KEGG | |
ChEMBL | |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C759H1186N208O232S10 |
Molar mass | 17257.66 g·mol−1 |
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Anakinra, sold under the brand name Kineret, is a
Medical uses
It is used as a second line treatment to manage symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis after treatment with a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) has failed.[1][2] It can be used in combination with some DMARDs.[1][2][4]
It is administered subcutaneously to patients diagnosed with a cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome, including neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease.[1][2]
It is used to treat Schnitzler's syndrome (off label in the US).[5] Its response rate is such that it has been suggested that "Treatment failures should lead to reconsider the diagnosis."[6]
In December 2021, the
Safety
It was not tested in pregnant women, but appeared to be safe in animal studies.[2]
It should not be used in people who have active infections[clarification needed] or latent tuberculosis, or who are taking TNF inhibitors.[2]
Adverse reactions
More than ten percent of people taking Anakinra have
Chemistry
Anakinra differs from the sequence of
History
It was approved for medical use in the US in 2001,[2] and in the European Union in 2002.[1][3]
In 2018,
In December 2020, Anakinra was approved by the US
In October 2021, NHS England published Clinical Commissioning Policy: Anakinra for Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) for adults and children in all ages, allowing Anakinra to be used in the treatment of
Society and culture
Legal status
Condition | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | RA | CAPS | FMF | AOSD | Schnitzler's | MKD | TRAPS | DIRA | HLH |
US | 2001 | 2020 | |||||||
UK | 2018 | 2018 | 2018 | 2018 | 2021 | ||||
EU | 2002 | 2002 | 2002 | ||||||
Russia | 2021 |
Research
Anakinra effectively treated meningitis caused by a rare genetic mutation in the gene
In 2021, it was reported that Anakinra appeared to reduce the neuropathic pain experienced by patients undergoing chemotherapy with vincristine, saying that "repurposing anakinra may be an effective co-treatment strategy to prevent vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy".[21][22]
A review published in 2022 found that "Anakinra appears to show efficacy for numerous dermatologic conditions, with the strongest evidence for hidradenitis suppurativa, Behçet's disease, Muckle–Wells syndrome, and SAPHO syndrome." and concluded that "Overall, anakinra appears to be a promising option in the treatment of numerous dermatologic inflammatory conditions refractory to first line therapies, but further and higher-quality data is needed to clarify its therapeutic role."[23]
In 2023, researchers at Columbia University explored the effect of Anakinra on the ageing of Hematopoietic stem cells in mice. They concluded "that targeting IL-1 as a key mediator of niche inflammation is a tractable strategy to improve blood production during ageing" and were reported to have said "that their findings could pave the way for science to delay aging and even lengthen the lifespan of humans".[24][25][26]
A 2023 preliminary study on the use of Anakinra in the treatment of endometriosis concluded that "there is justification for a larger study" and that "Anakinra may be a particularly impactful option for women desiring fertility."[27]
COVID-19
Anakinra is undergoing multiple clinical trials to treat COVID-19 patients, by targeting mechanisms in patients with hyperinflammation.[28] In 2021 a review and meta-analysis of 9 studies involving 1,119 cases concluded that "Available evidence shows that treatment with anakinra reduces both the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality risk of hospitalized non-intubated patients with COVID-19 without increasing the risk of adverse events."[29]
As of July 2021[update], the European Medicines Agency (EMA) is evaluating an application to extend the use of anakinra to include treatment of COVID-19 in adults with pneumonia who are at risk of developing severe respiratory failure (inability of the lungs to work properly).[30] According to study results published in September 2021 in Nature Medicine, hospitalized COVID-19 patients at increased risk for respiratory failure showed significant improvement after treatment with Anakinra.[31][32]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Kineret 100 mg solution for injection in a pre-filled syringe - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". UK Electronic Medicines Compendium. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Kineret- anakinra injection, solution". DailyMed. 30 December 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
- ^ a b c d e "Kineret EPAR". European Medicines Agency. 17 September 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2021. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
- ^ PMID 27175934.
- S2CID 13780498.
- PMID 25220180.
- ^ "Anakinra (Kineret)". American College of Rheumatology. Retrieved 2021-11-22.
- ^ "EMA recommends approval for use of Kineret in adults with COVID-19". European Medicines Agency. 16 December 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
- ^ Aripaka P, Karimi A (16 December 2021). "EU regulator builds Omicron defences with approvals of GSK-Vir, Sobi drugs". Reuters. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
- ^ "Sobi's Kineret granted FDA Emergency Use Authorisation for COVID-19 related pneumonia". PMNews. November 2022.
- ^ "FDA roundup". Food and Drug Administration. November 15, 2022.
- ^ Clinical Commissioning Policy: Anakinra to treat periodic fevers and autoinflammatory disorders (all ages) (PDF). England: National Health Service (NHS). 29 June 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
- ^ Clinical Commissioning Policy: Anakinra/tocilizumab for the treatment of Adult-Onset Still's Disease refractory to second-line therapy (adults) (PDF). England: National Health Service (NHS). 29 June 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
- ^ Kaufman MB (2 February 2021). "FDA Approves New Rituximab Biosimilar & Anakinra to Treat a Rare Disease". The Rheumatologist. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ "Kineret approved in Russia for the treatment of CAPS". The Pharma Letter. 17 February 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
- ^ Clinical Commissioning Policy: Anakinra for Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) for adults and children in all ages (PDF). England: National Health Service (NHS). October 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
- ^ Kolata G (2019-01-07). "When the Illness Is a Mystery, Patients Turn to These Detectives". The New York Times. Retrieved 2019-01-09.
- ^ "Rheumatoid Arthritis Drug Diminishes Zika Birth Defects in Mice". Newsroom. Johns Hopkins Medicine. 6 May 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
- ^ "Arthritis drugs could be repurposed to help prevent breast cancer spreading to the bone, study suggests". Press release. University of Manchester. 20 November 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
- PMID 31676788.
- PMID 33656514.
- ^ "Chemotherapy with fewer side effects may be on the way". University of Queensland. 15 March 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- S2CID 215749189.
- ^ Caler L (1 February 2023). "This Arthritis Drug Could Rejuvenate Blood In The Elderly, Delay Aging". Medical Daily. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
- PMID 36650381.
- ^ Irving M (6 February 2023). "Arthritis drug mimics "young blood" transfusions to reverse aging in mice". New Atlas. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
- S2CID 264540594.
- ^ "Anakinra in COVID-19: important considerations for clinical trials". Press release. May 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
- PMID 33999135.
- ^ "EMA starts evaluating the use of Kineret in adult COVID-19 patients at increased risk severe respiratory failure". European Medicines Agency (EMA) (Press release). 16 July 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
- PMID 34480127.
- ^ "Anakinra improved survival in hospitalized COVID-19 patients". www.mdedge.com. Retrieved 2021-09-09.