Analog high-definition television system
Analog high-definition television has referred to a variety of
Before 1940
On 2 November 1936 the BBC began transmitting the world's first public regular analog "high definition" television service from the Victorian Alexandra Palace in north London.[1] It therefore claims to be the birthplace of television broadcasting as we know it today. The UK's 405-line system introduced in 1936 was described as "high definition"; however, this was in comparison with the early 30-line (largely) experimental system from the 1920s, and would not be considered high definition by modern standards.
French 819-line system
819-line was a monochrome TV system developed and used in France
Despite some attempts to create a color SECAM version of the 819-line system,[2] France gradually abandoned the system in favor of the Europe-wide standard of 625-lines with the final 819-line transmissions taking place in Paris from the Eiffel Tower on 19 July 1983.[5] Tele Monte Carlo in Monaco were the last broadcasters to transmit 819-line television, closing down their transmitter in 1985.
Multiple sub-nyquist sampling Encoding system (MUSE)
Japan had the earliest working HDTV system, with design efforts going back to 1979. The country began broadcasting wideband analog high-definition video signals in the late 1980s using an interlaced resolution of 1035 or 1080-lines active (1035i) and 1125-lines total supported by the Sony HDVS line of equipment.
The Japanese system, developed by NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories in the 1980s, employed filtering tricks to reduce the original source signal to decrease bandwidth utilization. MUSE was marketed as "Hi-Vision" by NHK. Japanese broadcast engineers rejected conventional vestigial sideband broadcasting to allow transmitting a HD signal on a tighter bandwidth. It was decided early on that MUSE would be a satellite broadcast format as Japan economically supports satellite broadcasting.
In the typical setup, three picture elements on a line were actually derived from three separate scans. Stationary images were transmitted at full resolution. However, as MUSE lowers the horizontal and vertical resolution of material that varies greatly from frame to frame, moving images were blurred in a manner similar to using 16 mm movie film for HDTV projection. In fact, whole-camera pans would result in a loss of 50% of horizontal resolution. Shadows and multipath still plague this analog frequency modulated transmission mode.
MUSE's "1125-lines" are an analog measurement, which includes non-video "scan lines" during which a
Japan has since switched to a digital HDTV system based on
Subsampling lives on in modern
HD-MAC
HD-MAC was a proposed
For the
The HD-MAC standard was abandoned in 1993, and since then all
See also
The analog TV systems these systems were meant to replace
Related standards
- NICAM-like audio coding is used in the HD-MAC system.
- Chroma subsampling in TV indicated as 4:2:2, 4:1:1 etc...
Electronovision, a video tape movie production technique based on the 819-line system.
References
- ^ http://www.teletronic.co.uk/tvera.htm Archived 2011-08-13 at the Wayback Machine Teletronic – The Television History Site
- ^ a b Stout, Andy. "France had a national HD TV system as far back as 1949". www.redsharknews.com.
- doi:10.5594/J14437– via IEEE Xplore.
- ^ a b Birkinshaw, AUTHOR: Douglas C. "New television standards: effect on British television". Transdiffusion.
- ^ "Histoire de la télévision : une exception française ?". La Revue des Médias.
- ISBN 0-240-51461-0.
- ^ "MIC(Press Release-Telecom)". www.soumu.go.jp. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
External links
- 819lignes Restore operation on a French 1951 TV set (French language only)
- HDTV coverage of the Barcelona Olympic Games by M. Romero and E. Gavilan (EBU)
- The HDTV demonstrations at the Expo 92 by J.L. Tejerina and F. Visintin (EBU)
- European Broadcasting Union
- COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 92/38/EEC of 11 May 1992.