Ananus ben Ananus

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Ananus ben Ananus
TitleHead of
High Priest of Israel
(until deposed in 63, then "High Priest")

Ananus ben Ananus (Hebrew: חנן בן חנןHanan ben Hanan Greek: Ἀνάνου Ἄνανος "Ananos son of Ananos" var: Ananias,

Judea Province. He was the High Priest who ordered the execution by stoning of James, the brother of Jesus (James the Just), according to the Antiquities of the Jews of Josephus. A delegation sent by citizens upset over the perceived breach of justice met Lucceius Albinus before he reached Judea, and Albinus responded with a letter informing Ananus that it was illegal to convene the Sanhedrin without Albinus' permission and threatening to punish the priest. Ananus was therefore deposed by King Herod Agrippa II before Albinus's arrival and replaced with Jesus ben Damneus.[1]

Ananus was one of the main leaders of the

Judean provisional government together with Joseph ben Gurion in late 66. In 68, Ananus was killed during the inter-rebel civil war in Jerusalem. Josephus in The Jewish War considered Ananus "unique in his love for liberty and an enthusiast for democracy" and as an "effective speaker, whose words carried weight with the people", though in the Antiquities of the Jews he was more critical of his behaviour, calling him "a bold man in his temper, and very insolent".[2][1]

Great Priest

A page from a 1466 copy of Antiquities of the Jews

Josephus's account of the death of James as follows:

Ananus, who, as we have told you already, took the high priesthood, was a bold man in his temper, and very insolent; he was also of the sect of the Sadducees, who are very rigid in judging offenders, above all the rest of the Jews, as we have already observed; when, therefore, Ananus was of this disposition, he thought he had now a proper opportunity [to exercise his authority]. Festus was now dead, and Albinus was but upon the road; so he assembled the Sanhedrin of judges, and brought before them the brother of Jesus, who was called Christ, whose name was James, and some others, [or, some of his companions]; and when he had formed an accusation against them as breakers of the law, he delivered them to be stoned: but as for those who seemed the most equitable of the citizens, and such as were the most uneasy at the breach of the laws, they disliked what was done; they also sent to the king [Agrippa], desiring him to send to Ananus that he should act so no more, for that what he had already done was not to be justified; nay, some of them went also to meet Albinus, as he was upon his journey from Alexandria, and informed him that it was not lawful for Ananus to assemble a Sanhedrin without his consent. Whereupon Albinus complied with what they said, and wrote in anger to Ananus, and threatened that he would bring him to punishment for what he had done; on which king Agrippa took the high priesthood from him, when he had ruled but three months, and made Jesus, the son of Damneus, high priest.[3]

The current scholarly consensus is that this text is authentic.[4][5][6][7] Moreover, in comparison with Hegesippus's account of James's death in his Hypomnemata, scholars consider Josephus's to be the more historically reliable.[8]

Head of Judean provisional government

After Ananus was deposed as high priest, he continued to exercise leadership. "Under the guidance of former high priest Ananus ben Ananus, they (the

Zealot Temple Siege. While commanding the Jews during the siege, Ananus was killed by the Idumeans or Edomites.[10]

References

  1. ^ a b Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book 20, Chapter 9, Section 1
  2. The Antiquities of the Jews
    .
  3. ^ Van Voorst 2000, p. 83.
  4. ^ Richard Bauckham states that although a few scholars have questioned this passage, "the vast majority have considered it to be authentic" (Bauckham 1999, pp. 199–203).
  5. ^ Feldman & Hata 1987, pp. 54–57.
  6. ^ Flavius Josephus & Maier 1995, pp. 284–285.
  7. ^ Painter 2004, p. 126.
  8. .
  9. The Wars of the Jews
    . Book 4, Chapter 5

Sources

External links

  • "Annas" .
    New International Encyclopedia
    . 1905. Has a brief mention of Ananus ben Ananus at the end.
Jewish titles
Preceded by High Priest of Israel
63
Succeeded by
Jesus ben Damneus