Anarchism in Ecuador
Part of a series on |
Anarchism |
---|
Anarchism in Ecuador appeared at the end of the 19th century.[1] At the beginning of the 20th century it started to gain influence in sectors of organized workers and intellectuals.[2]
History
Origins
Alexei Páez in his book El anarquismo en el Ecuador reports that "at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th we find the first evidence of the existence of a group that was a friend of libertarian ideals". This was a group that published a newspaper called El Pabellón Rojo and its first edition appeared in Guayaquil in 1899. In this issue the authors defend French illegalism and the events protagonized by Ravachol and Sante Geronimo Caserio.[1]
At the beginning of the 20th century the Ecuadorian worker's movement was more combative in Guayaquil and the first attempts at anarchist propaganda appeared inside the workers movement. "It has been noted the existence of certain anarchist propaganda in the Jamaican workers movement who worked in the railroad in the beginning of the century".[3] According to Paez "the railroad workers were the most combative alongside the carpenters and the workers on the cocoa fields, for the age, being later the cocoa workers and the railroad ones the best agitators for the founding of the anarcho-syndicalist Federación Regional de Trabajadores del Ecuador (FTRE).[3]
In Guayaquil "In 1910, the Center of Social Studies...distributed La Protesta (Argentina), Solidarity (USA) and Claridad (Chile), in 1911 in the catalog of Liberia Española we could find texts of important libertarian theorists such as:
In
The anarchist ideals had support in middle-class intellectual sectors which are the first effective organizing sectors of anarchist and socialist positions. The thinker and labor leader Juan Elías Naula in Principios de Sociología Applicada manifests a profound admiration for the positions of
"Another tendency of the first Ecuadorian libertarian organizations was the organization of feminist groups."[7] In Guayaquil there also appeared in 1910 the Center of Social Studies who participated in the International Workers' Association congresses of Berlin of 1922 and 1923.[8]
The general strike of November 15, 1922, and the decline
"The original core of anarchism in Ecuador" converged around the group that published the newspaper El Proletario and it included Manuel Echeverría, Justo Cardenas, Narciso Véliz, Segundo Llanos and Alejo Capelo.[9]
In the following years, a prominent tendency led by Narciso Véliz centered on the group "Hambre", which published El Hambriento. The group included Alberto Díaz, Juan Murillo, Jorge Briones, José Barcos, J. Villacís, Urcino Meza, Segundo Llanos, Máximo Varela and Aurelio Ramírez.[10]
There were five groups active in the late 1920s: Redención, Tierra y Libertad, Solidaridad, Hambre, and Luz y Acción.[11]
The
In 1934, the
Alejo Capelo and Alejandro Atiencia collaborated in the Mexican anarchist newspaper Tierra y Libertad. Atiencia died in 1971 and Capelo in 1973.[15]
References
- ^ a b Páez 1986, p. 33.
- ^ a b Páez 1986, p. 40.
- ^ a b Páez 1986, p. 38.
- ^ Páez 1986, p. 39.
- ^ Páez 1986, pp. 45–46.
- ^ Páez 1986, p. 48.
- ^ Páez 1986, p. 49.
- ^ Páez 1986, p. 50.
- ^ Páez 1986, pp. 49–50.
- ^ Páez 1986, p. 74.
- ^ Páez 1986, p. 81.
- ^ Páez 1986, p. 82.
- ^ Páez 1986, pp. 88–89.
- ^ Páez 1986, pp. 89–90.
- ^ Páez 1986, p. 92.
Bibliography
- Páez, Alexei (1986). El anarquismo en el Ecuador. Colección popular "15 de noviembre" (in Spanish). Vol. 6. OCLC 466180185.