Anarchism in Hong Kong
| Part of a series on |
| Anarchism |
|---|
 |
Anarchism in Hong Kong emerged as part of the
Chinese anarchist movement, when many anarchists sought refuge from the Qing Empire in the territory. It grew alongside the Chinese revolutionary movement, before the territory again became a safe haven for anarchists, following the Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War. Since then anarchists have formed a part of the Hong Kong opposition movement, first to British colonial rule and then to the rising authoritarianism of the Government of Hong Kong
.
History
In 1841,
Qing Empire and the British-held territory was subsequently extended by the First and Second Conventions of Peking. Strikes against the British colonial administration broke out not long after the occupation started and continued throughout the 19th century, with many workers in Hong Kong ceasing their labour and returning to China in protest.[1] Hong Kong also became a stronghold of revolutionary ideas among the Chinese population, now outside of the Qing dominion, where a group of students known as the "Four Bandits" (Yeung Hok-ling, Sun Yat-sen, Chan Siu-bak and Yau Lit) openly discussed the overthrow of the Qing dynasty.[2][3] The Bandits, alongside the Chinese anarchist Zhang Renjie, were among the founding members of the Tongmenghui in 1905. Zhang went on to join the Hong Kong branch in 1907, after ensuring the removal of any mention of "heaven" from the organization's oath of allegiance.[4]
1911 revolution, Shifu returned to China, where the assassination corps continued their activities.[5]
Chen Jiongming became instrumental in the organisation of the
Seamen's strike of 1922, despite the attempts of the British colonial authorities to suppress it, Chen helped to settle the strike,[6] with employers capitulating to the demands of wage increases.[7] After Chen's defeat in the Yunnan–Guangxi War, he fled to Hong Kong, where he continued to advocate for the unification of China from the bottom-up. Here he founded the Zhi Gong Party, which championed federalism in China and the establishment of a multi-party system, criticizing the single-party system of the Kuomintang.[8]
After the outbreak of the
right-wing inside the party. Chiang initiated the Shanghai massacre, during which thousands of leftists were killed, beginning the Chinese Civil War.[11]
After the
Marxism-Leninism after the end of World War II
.
Following the end of the Chinese Civil War and the
People's Republic of China, with about 60,000 refugees moving to the island during the Great Leap Forward.[12]
Black Bauhinia Flag, a variation of the flag of Hong Kong
.In 1969, Hong Kong's student movement began to become disillusioned with the
Trotskyist tendencies.[13] From this movement and 1970s Hong Kong student protests, a libertarian socialist organization, 70s Front, is emerged. It agitated both against the British colonial administration and the Chinese Communist Party, publishing the Chinese language 70s Bi-weekly and the English language Minus magazines.[14][15] However, ideological conflicts between the Trotskyists and anarchists led to a split in the organization,[16] with many Trotskyists leaving to form the Revolutionary Marxist League.[13]
This led to the group's dissolution in the early 1980s.
The rise of
Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement.[19]
See also
References
- ^ Po-lung, Leung (3 August 2019). "Hong Kong Political Strikes: a brief history". Translated by Promise Li; Edward Hon-Sing Wong. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ISBN 978-962-209-574-8. pg 183.
- ^ L Fu. (2009). From surgeon-apothecary to statesman: Sun Yat-sen at the Hong Kong College of Medicine. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2009; 39:166–72
- OCLC 647145855.
- OCLC 1090531991.
- OCLC 1007291359.
- ^ Lau, Kit-ching Chan (1990). China, Britain, and Hong Kong. Chinese University Press. pp. 169–172 – via Google Books.
- OCLC 1007291359.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7425-3422-3.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-419-22160-9. p 42-43.
- ISBN 978-1-74059-308-3. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
- OCLC 772608480.
- ^ a b Alexander, Robert Jackson (1991). International Trotskyism 1929-1985: A Documented Analysis of the Movement. Duke University Press. pp. 217–220.
- ^ 70s Front (1975). "Group profile: Hong Kong 70s Front". Libero International. No. 3. CIRA-Nippon. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Knabb, Ken (October 1978). "A Radical Group in Hong Kong". Bureau of Public Secrets. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ Li, Promise (17 April 2020). "The Radical '70s Magazine That Shaped the Hong Kong Left". The Nation. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ Li, Promise (April 3, 2020). "A Left Case for Hong Kong Self-Determination". Spectre. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ "Black Versus Yellow: Class Antagonism and Hong Kong's Umbrella Movement". Ultra. 2015.
- ^ "Hong Kong: Anarchists in the Resistance to the Extradition Bill". CrimethInc. 22 June 2019. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
External links
- Autonomous 8A Archived 2022-01-10 at the Wayback Machine - Anarchist collective in Hong Kong
- Hong Kong section - The Anarchist Library
- Hong Kong section - Libcom.org
