Ancient regions of Anatolia
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Ancient Regions of Anatolia | |
Location | Northwestern Middle East |
The following is a list of regions of
Western Asia
.
Late Bronze Age regions (circa 1200 BC)
- Asia Minor)
- Asia Minor / Anatolia, it was a confederation (or league) of 22 ancient Anatolian states that formed some time before 1400 BC (may have been the origin of the name Asia)
- Adadura
- Alatra
- Assuwa Proper
- Dura
- Dunda
- Ḥalluwa
- Ḥuwallušiya
- Classical Age)
- Kispuwa
- Kuruppiya
- Land of Mount Pahurina
- Luissa, a name ending in -luišša (or the whole name Luišša)
- Classical Age)
- Parista
- Pasuhalta
- )
- )
- Unaliya
- Waršiya / Waršiyalla (Warsiya / Warsiyalla)
- a name probably ending in -wwa,
- Unknown (an obliterated name)
- Unknown (an obliterated name)
- Unknown (an obliterated name)
- Ephesos by the Greeks).
- Greekcity.
- Included several of the same regions or lands as the Assuwa League but not the ones that are mentioned below:
- Known western Anatolian late-Bronze Age regions and/or political entities which, to date, have not been cited as having been part of the Arzawa complex are:
- Miletos by the Greeks)
- Classical Age)
- Classical Age)
- Hittite , that seems to have been smaller and less powerful.
- Classical Age)
- Hittite Empireand countries and regions, lands, ruled by it)
- Hittite Empire and countries and regions ruled by it) (later it was part of Cappadocia and West Pontus)
- Hittite Empirefor longest time)
- Nesite speaking) (German name on the map: Unteres Land) (Katerra Udnē was possibly related to the name Katta Peda - "Place Below" or "Place Down", from katta - "below" or "down", and peda - "place", that originated the name Cappadocia through the possible phonetic change - Katt(a)-peda > *Kat-peda > *Kat-pata > *Kat-patu + ka > Kat-patuka > *Kappaduka, borrowed to Greekas Kappadokía)
- Purushanda (an important city in Katerra Udnē - Lowland)
- Halys river, to the east of Nesaregion or country.
- Halysriver course.
- Hittite Empire, was the capital of the region of the same name.
- Armenia Minor) (German name on the map: Oberes Land)
- Pontus Euxinos coast (part of south coast of the Black Sea). Hittites called the Black Sea - "Zalpa Sea" or "Sea of Zalpa".
- Zalpa / Zalpuwa city, a yet undiscovered Bronze AgeAnatolian city that was the capital of the region of the same name.
- Kaska people, they could be descendants or related to the Hattians)
- Luwiya / Luwa (seems to have included most part of Southern and Southeastern Anatolia that was Luwian speaking) (it was related but not identical to Assuwa and its contemporary Arzawa in Western Anatolia)
- Classical Age)
- Classical Age) (Melidwas its main centre)
- Melitene, today's Malatya)
- Classical Age)
- Sea peoples, originally came from.
- Classical Age)
- Luwianstate in the first millennium BC)
- Classical Age)
- )
- Cilicia Aspera), Tarhuntassa was the name not only of a city but also of a region or country in south Anatolia.
- Hittite Empirein a country or region of the same name)
- Nesitespeaking) (German name on the map: Unteres Land)
- Classical Age)
Regions sometimes included in Anatolia
- Asia Minor)
- Walistin (later Pieria in Classical Age) (may have been the original region of the Philistines?)
- Unqi by the Assyrians)
Classical Age regions (circa 200 BC)
- Aeolis (named after the Aeolian Greeks that colonized the region)
- Azzi-Hayasa or Hayasa-Azzi)
- Bithynia
- Cappadocia (a significant part roughly corresponding to ancient "Land of Hatti" or Hatti) (name possibly derived from the Hittite Katta Peda- - Place Below or Place Down, from katta - below or down and peda - place; possible phonetic change - Katt(a)-peda > *Kat-peda > *Kat-pata > *Kat-patu + ka > Kat-patuka > *Kappaduka, borrowed to Greek as Kappadokía)
- Bagadania / Bagadoania
- Chammamene / Chammanene
- Persian Empire it was its own country or region and not part of Cappadocia)
- Aravene
- Cataonia / Cataonia Proper (narrow sense)
- Lavinianesine / Lavianesine / Laviansene
- Muriane / Murianune
- was close)
- Garsaouritis / Garsauria
- Persian Empire it was its own country or region and not part of Cappadocia)
- Morimene
- Pteria
- Saravene
- Sargarausene
- Tuwanuwaregion)
- Caria
- Cilicia
- Alasiya, part or the whole island)
- Dorian Greeksthat colonized the region)
- Galatia (named after the Galatians, a Celtic people, that arrived in Central Anatolia by the early 3rd century BC, it didn't exist until then and was made by Galatian conquests of parts of Phrygia and Cappadocia)
- was Tolisbogii capital)
- Ancyra was located, today's Ankara)
- Komodromos (was part of Cappadocia until Galatian conquest)
- Sanisene (was part of Cappadocia until Galatian conquest)
- Trocmi / Trokmoi subregion (Eastern Galatia) (where Tavium was located, close to ancient Hattusa)
- Ximene (was part of Cappadocia until Galatian conquest)
- Ionian Greeksthat colonized the region)
- Isauria
- Lycaonia
- Lycia
- Maeonia
- Masa)
- Phrygia Minor(northern part of Mysia)
- Phrygia Maior / Phrygia Pergamene (southern part of Mysia)
- Abrettene
- Morene
- Olympene
- Teuthrania (sometimes included in Lydia) (Pergamon, that was capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon, was in this land)
- Pamphylia
- Paphlagonia (roughly corresponding to ancient Pala)
- Phrygia (Inland Phrygia)
- Pisidia
- Pontus
- Western Pontus (During Zalpa or Zalpuwawas its main centre)
- Chiliokomon
- Camisene / Kamisene / Comisene
- Calupene
- Daximonitis
- Diacopene
- Gazelonitis
- Phanaraea
- Phazemonitis
- Saramene
- Themiscyra
- )
- Eastern Pontus (roughly corresponding to ancient "Kaska people) (inhabited by several peoples)
- Byzeria (named after the Byzeres)
- Chaldia (named after the Chalybes)
- Zan)
- Marres)
- Moschia (named after the Moschi or Moschoi, who may have been a northern branch of the Eastern Mushki and related to Mysians and Armenians)
- Mossynoecia (named after the Mossynoeci)
- Zan, including Mingrelians and Lazs)
- Western Pontus (During
- Troas / Troad (sometimes included in Mysia)
Regions sometimes included in Anatolia
- Asia Minor) (however it was administratively included in Roman Syria, far northern area, by the Roman Empire)
- Cilicia Pedias)
Note: Over time the regions did not always were the same and had the same size or the same borders and sometimes included different subregions, districts, divisions or parts or were united with others.
The names of many regions ended in "e" [e] that was the Eastern Greek (Attic Ionic Ancient Greek) equivalent to the Western Greek (Doric Greek) "a" [a] and also to the Latin "a" [a]. In Ancient Greek the "ph" represented the consonants p [p] and h [h] pronounced closely and not the f [f] consonant. In Ancient Greek the "y" represented the vowel [y] (ü) and not the semivowel [j] or the vowels [i] or [I].
Byzantine Anatolian Themes (circa 1000 AD)
The
Roman provincial system in the 7th-8th century and reached their height in the 9th and 10th centuries.[1]
- Aegean Sea (was a naval theme which included the modern Greek islands of Lesbos, Chios and the Cyclades; the coastal areas of Troad and Mysia, as well as the Hellespont or modern day Dardanelles and the Gallipoli Peninsula. Main cities included Abydos (Hellespont), Cyzicus and Kallipolis).
- Anatolic Theme
- Armeniac Theme
- Bucellarian Theme
- Cappadocia (theme)
- Chaldia Theme
- Charsianon
- Cibyrrhaeot Theme
- Asia Minor or Anatolia, although not continental)
- Koloneia (theme)
- Lykandos
- Mesopotamia (theme)
- Opsikion
- Optimatoi
- Paphlagonia (theme)
- Iberia (which incorporated the historical region of Phasiane)
- Samos (theme)
- Sebasteia (theme)
- Seleucia (theme)
- Thracesian Theme
- Ducate or Catepanate of Antioch
- Kilikia (Cilicia)
- Ducate or Catepanate of Chaldia
- Ducate or Catepanate of Mesopotamia
- Melitene
- Mesopotamia (roughly matching East Melitene)
- Keltzine (on the western banks of the Euphrates, on the Anatolian side)
Regions sometimes included in Anatolia
- Euphrates Cities (Pareuphratídai Póleis) (roughly matching ancient Commagene and part of the Catepanate of Mesopotamia)
References
- ISBN 978-0-521-31917-1.
See also
- Historical regions of Anatolia
- Geography of ancient Anatolia
- Neo-Hittite kingdoms
External links
- Media related to Ancient regions of Anatolia at Wikimedia Commons