Andean Spanish

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Dialect map of Peru and Ecuador. Andean Spanish is in purple.

Andean Spanish is a dialect of

Quechua, Aymara, and other indigenous languages, due to prolonged and intense language contact. This influence is especially strong in rural areas.[1]

Phonology

Syntax and morphology

Voseo is common in the Bolivian and Ecuadorian Andes, largely among rural and poorer speakers. It is nearly extinct in Peru. Some speakers tend towards pronominal voseo, using vos with the conjugations of verbs, whereas more indigenous speakers tend to use the vos conjugations.[1]

Words like pues, pero and nomás are often used similarly to the modal suffixes of Quechua and Aymara. They can be stacked at the end of a clause:

Dile nomás pues pero. "Just go ahead and tell him."[1]

Andean Spanish also widely uses redundant "double possessives" as in:

De María en su casa estoy yendo. "I'm going to Maria's house."[1]

This also shows how en can indicate "motion towards" in the Andes. En may also be used "before a locative adverb, as in Vivo en acá 'I live here' or En allá sale agua 'Water is coming out there.'"[1]

Due to Aymara and Quechua influence, Andean Spanish often uses the pluperfect tense or clause-final dice "he/she says" to indicate evidentiality.[1] Evidential dice is more common in monolingual Peruvian Spanish.[1]

In upper Ecuador, a dar + gerund construction is common, ie:

Pedro me dio componiendo mi reloj. "Pedro fixed my watch."[1]

Vocabulary

Andean Spanish typically uses more loans from Aymara and Quechua than other Spanish varieties.[1] In addition, some common words have different meanings. Pie, meaning "foot," can refer to the whole leg, due to Aymara influence. Siempre ("always") can mean "still."[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Mackenzie, Ian (1999–2020). "Andean Spanish". The Linguistics of Spanish. Archived from the original on 2022-06-10. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  2. ^ a b Lipski, John (1994). Latin American Spanish. New York: Longman Publishing. p. 320.
  3. ^ Alonso (1967), p. 102, cited in Cotton & Sharp (1988), p. 147
  4. ^ Church, Meredith (2019-04-01). "Influencia del quechua en el castellano andino del Cusco, Perú". Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection (3110).
  5. .
  6. ^ a b c Klee & Lynch (2009), p. 136.
  7. ^ Argüello, Fanny M. (December 1980). "El Rehilamiento en el español hablado en la región andina de Ecuador". Lexis (in Spanish). IV (2). Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  8. ^ Klee & Lynch (2009), pp. 136–7.
  9. .
  10. .

Bibliography