Andrew Salkey

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Andrew Salkey
Born
Felix Andrew Alexander Salkey

(1928-01-30)30 January 1928
Caribbean Artists Movement (CAM)
SpousePatricia June (née Verden)
Children2 sons, Eliot Andrew and Jason Alexander

Andrew Salkey (30 January 1928 – 28 April 1995) was a Jamaican novelist, poet, children's books writer and journalist of Jamaican and Panamanian origin.

He was born in Panama but was raised in Jamaica, moving to Britain in the 1952 to pursue a job in the literary world, combining a job in a South London comprehensive school teaching English with a job working on the door of a West End night club. The 1960s and 1970s saw Salkey working as a broadcaster for the BBC World Service, Caribbean section.

A prolific writer and editor, he was the author of more than 30 books in the course of his career, including novels for adults and for children, poetry collections, anthologies, travelogues and essays.

In the 1960s, he was a co-founder with

Caribbean Artists Movement (CAM). Salkey died in Amherst, Massachusetts, where he had been teaching since the 1970s, holding a lifetime position as writer-in-residence at Hampshire College.[1]

Biography

He was born as Felix Andrew Alexander Salkey in Colón, Panama, to Jamaican parents, Andrew Alexander Salkey, a businessman, and Linda Marshall Salkey. When two years old, Salkey was sent to Jamaica, where he was raised by his grandmother and his mother, who worked there as a teacher, while his father continued to work in Panama.[2]

Salkey was educated at

College of St Mark and St John. According to Stuart Hall
, Salkey "quickly took his place at the centre of a small but outstanding circle of Caribbean writers and intellectuals.

For a critical period, Salkey was the key figure, the main presenter and writer-in-residence in the Caribbean section of the

Bush House, London, and his programmes became a glittering showcase for a generation of writers, including Sam Selvon and George Lamming, who had made London their second home. Established and aspiring authors were chivvied, cajoled, gently chastised, inspired and schooled to produce new work for radio on the Caribbean Voices programme over which Andrew Salkey often presided."[3]

After reading V. S. Naipaul's first story, Salkey encouraged him to continue writing.[4] At the BBC, Salkey co-wrote My People and Your People, with D. G. Bridson, a radio play about a love affair between a West Indian migrant and a Scottish skiffle player.[5][6]

Salkey was a part of the West Indian Students Union (WISU), which provided an effective forum for Caribbean students to express their ideas and provided voluntary support to the "harassed" working-class Caribbean immigrant community, during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. The association also included Gerry Burton and Arif Ali.

In the mid-1950s, Salkey taught English at

Jamaican patois[7] – was published in 1959, and his second, Escape to An Autumn Pavement, in 1960. That same year Salkey edited one of the first anthologies of Caribbean short stories, West Indian Stories, and was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship
in the field of folklore and popular culture. His novels that followed were The Late Emancipation of Jerry Stover (1968), The Adventures of Catullus Kelly (1969), and Come Home, Malcolm Heartland (1976). Thereafter, Salkey concentrated on writing poetry and reworking tales of Caribbean folklore.

As noted by Eleanor Casson, archivist and cataloguer at the

Bogle L'Ouverture (BLP)."[8]

In 1966, he co-founded with John La Rose and

Caribbean Artists Movement (CAM), as a platform for Caribbean artists, writers, actors and musicians.[2] Salkey gave an address at CAM's third and final conference, held at the West Indian Students' Centre, in which he talked about the importance of "Black awareness", and stated: "Our own Caribbean communities must become the new centres of which we first seek approval of the fruits of our imagination. Only then may we move from within our society outward with assurance."[9]

During the latter part of his life, Salkey was a professor of creative writing at Hampshire College in Amherst, where he went in 1976.[2]

Salkey was good friends with Austin Clarke, and the two had a long correspondence, a great deal of which is available in Clarke's files at the McMaster University Archives in Hamilton, Ontario.

"I was headed nowhere like a hundred million others: I had escaped a malformed Jamaican middle class; I had attained my autumn pavement; I had done more than my fair share of hurting, rejecting, and condemning; and I had created another kind of failure, and this time, in another country." (From Escape To An Autumn Pavement)

Literary work

The settings of Salkey's novels show a constant back and forth between his country of origin and the countries in which he lived. His first novel, A Quality of Violence (1959), is set in a remote area of Jamaica ; the second novel, Escape to An Autumn Pavement (1960), is set in London, and is a novel of exile; his 1968 novel, The Late Emancipation of Jerry Stover, is a return to Jamaica and a "damning indictment of the nihilism of middle class Caribbean life".[2] Then, The Adventures of Catullus Kelly (1969), is again set in London, and his last major novel, Come Home, Malcolm Heartland (1976), "has as its theme the revolutionary activity and posturing of black secret agents and exiles in London".[2]

As a Caribbean writer living in Britain, Salkey had this "insider-outsider" point of view, an expression often used when referring to the main character of his second novel, Escape to an Autumn Pavement. But he did not only write about the conflicting identity of Caribbean people living in Britain, he also evokes queer themes, such as homosexuality, again in Escape to an Autumn Pavement. "Salkey’s novel can itself be seen as a 'meeting point', a literary exploration of queer and migrant lives conducted in the intimate space of the British home."[10]

"Salkey's Score"

Salkey was a director and constant supporter of the London-based publishing company

Commonwealth Institute, the event paid tribute to Salkey in respect of his work in London in the 1960s and 1970s with the Caribbean Artists Movement (CAM); his journalism on the BBC radio programme Caribbean Voices; his contributions to developing the teaching of Caribbean writing in schools; the importance he gave to the relationship of Africa to personal and communal Caribbean identity; his work in Cuba; and his prolific output of novels, poetry and other writings.[11]

At the event,

Eric Huntley, publisher/editor Margaret Busby, poet-novelist Edward Kamau Brathwaite, New Beacon Books founder John La Rose, writer E. A. Markham, CAM member Louis James, professor of feminist studies Jill Lewis, Arts Council literature director Alastair Niven, and Anne Walmsley, author of The Caribbean Artists Movement 1966–1971.[12]

Personal life

Salkey and Patricia Verden married in 1958 and the couple's two sons are Eliot and Jason Salkey.[3][13][14]

Salkey had been ailing for some time before his death, aged 67, on the morning of 28 April 1995, while in an ambulance on the way to Cooley Dickinson Hospital in Northampton, Massachusetts.[15] He was buried in London on 13 May 1995.[16]

Legacy

The Andrew Salkey Memorial Scholarship has been established at Hampshire College, as an "award for students who show exceptional writing promise".[17]

On 29 March 2013, Paul Gilroy was meant to attend the Andrew Salkey Memorial Reading, at the Hampshire College Cultural Center, but could not due to adverse weather conditions.[18]

In August 2018, Salkey's poem "History and Away", from his collection Away: Poems (

Empire Windrush from Jamaica in June 1948, marking the beginning of the most significant West Indian post-World War II migration to the UK.[19][20][21]

In April 2022,

Backlisted, presented by John Mitchinson and Andy Miller.[22]

Selected bibliography

Further reading

Peter Nazareth, In the Trickster Tradition: The Novels of Andrew Salkey, Francis Ebejar and Ishmael Reed, Bogle L'Ouverture Press, 1994.

References

  1. Anthurium: A Caribbean Studies Journal
    , Vvol. 10, issue 2 [2013], art. 14; p. 6.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Andrew Salkey biography Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Encyclopedia of AfroEuropean Studies.
  3. ^ a b Stuart Hall, "Obituary: Andrew Salkey", The Independent, 16 May 1995.
  4. ^ Hilary Mantel, "Naipaul's Book of the World" (review of The Writer and the World), New York Review of Books, 24 October 2002.
  5. ISBN 978-0-8264-7898-6
    .
  6. ISBN 9780199248810
    .
  7. ^ "Andrew Salkey", Encyclopædia Britannica. Accessed 6 June 2023.
  8. ^ Casson, Eleanor (30 July 2020). "Andrew Salkey and the first Publishing Houses for Black Writing in Britain". British Library. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
  9. ^ Quoted in Rob Waters, "Henry Swanzy, Sartre's zombie? Black Power and the transformation of the Caribbean Artists Movement", in Claire Wintle and Ruth Craggs (eds), Cultures of Decolonisation: Transnational Productions and Practices, 1945–70, Manchester University Press, 2016, p. 79.
  10. ^ Kate Houlden (2013) Andrew Salkey, the British home, and the intimacies in-between, Interventions https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/703435/
  11. ^ "Aim25, Archives in London and the M25 Area, "Salkey Score Committee", held at London Metropolitan Archives". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
  12. doi:10.1080/00064246.1993.11413075
    . Retrieved 24 March 2022 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
  13. ^ Casson, Eleanor (1 May 2020). "Andrew Salkey and The Multi-Coloured Bear of Moscow Road". English and Drama blog. British Library. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  14. ^ "Alum Actor Jason Salkey Uses TV Role Inspiration to Follow in His Father's Footsteps". Hampshire College. 22 July 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  15. ^ Huntley, Jessica (Spring 1995). "In memoriam: Andrew Salkey, 1928–1995". The Black Scholar. San Francisco. p. 81. Retrieved 24 March 2022. Reprinted from The Guardian, 1 May 1995.
  16. ^ "The Caribbean Artists Movement: Papers of Anne Walmsley, gathered for the creation of her book 'The Caribbean Artists Movement 1966–1972: A Literary and Cultural History', published by New Beacon Books 1992". George Padmore Institute. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
  17. ^ "Andrew Salkey Memorial Scholarship", Hampshire College Scholarships.
  18. ^ "Hampshire College Celebrates the Life and Work of Andrew Salkey", The Harold, 19 March 2013.
  19. ^ Beavers, Matt (15 June 2018). "Caribbean Poems on the Underground". British Council. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  20. ^ "Poems on the Underground Archive". Poems on the Underground. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  21. ^ "History and Away". Poems on the Underground. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  22. ^ "161. Andrew Salkey - Escape to an Autumn Pavement & Jamaica". Backlisted. Unbound. 11 April 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  23. The Caribbean Review of Books
    , No. 22, July 2010.

External links

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