Andros
Andros
Περιφερειακή ενότητα / Δήμος Άνδρου | |
---|---|
EEST) | |
Postal codes | 845 xx |
Area codes | 22820 |
Car plates | EM |
Website | www |
Andros (Greek: Άνδρος, pronounced [ˈanðros]) is the northernmost island of the Greek Cyclades archipelago, about 10 km (6 mi) southeast of Euboea, and about 3 km (2 mi) north of Tinos. It is nearly 40 km (25 mi) long, and its greatest breadth is 16 km (10 mi). It is for the most part mountainous, with many fruitful and well-watered valleys.[1] The municipality, which includes the island Andros and several small, uninhabited islands, has an area of 380 km2 (146.719 sq mi).[2] The largest towns are Andros (town), Gavrio, Batsi, and Ormos Korthiou.
Palaeopolis, the ancient capital, was built into a steep hillside, and the breakwater of its harbor can still be seen underwater.[3] At the village of Apoikia, there is the notable spring of Sariza, where the water flows from a sculpted stone lion's head. Andros also offers hiking options with many new paths being added each year.
Strofilas
During the Final Neolithic, Andros had a fortified village on its west coast, which archaeologists have named Strofilas , after the plateau on which it was built. Final Neolithic in the Cycladic area is now dated around 4500–4000 BC.[4] Strofilas was related to the "Attica-Kephala" culture, coinciding with the beginning of the Cycladic culture of the Bronze Age.
Strofilas is the largest organized settlement of the Neolithic Age of the Aegean in Cyclades islands. It was rather densely built, and stretches over 30 acres. The excavations were started in 1997 by a team of Greek archeologists headed by Christina Televantou.[5]
The settlement was an important
Strofilas is also notable for rock carvings on its walls, which include animals such as
About 1km to the southeast along the coastline, also can be found the site of Zagora (Andros) , another ancient settlement of a later Geometric period. The settlement dates back to the 10th-8th centuries BC. An impregnable wall, about 110 meters long, was constructed around it.[7]
History
Antiquity
In ancient times, the island contained an
In 200, it was captured by a combined
Middle Ages
During the long centuries of
Andros was captured by the
In December 1371, the island was granted as a fief to Maria Sanudo, half-sister of the last Sanudo duke, Nicholas III dalle Carceri.[22] In 1383, Nicholas III was murdered and Francesco I Crispo became the new duke, giving Andros with Syros to his daughter and her husband, Pietro Zeno, the son of the Venetian bailo of Negroponte.[23] Zeno was a very able diplomat,[24] but even he found it difficult to manoeuvre among the various competing powers of the era. Unlike Syros, Paros, and other islands, which had been left destitute and almost depopulated by the Ottoman raids, Andros managed to escape relatively unscathed, but in return Zeno was forced to pay tribute and provide harbour and shelter for the Turkish ships. Nevertheless, in 1416, the island was raided and almost the entire population carried off by the Ottomans.[25] At about the same time Albanians crossed from Euboea over into the island, settling in its northern part.[26]
In 1431, when the Venetians ravaged the Genoese colony of
Andros suffered once again heavily from Turkish attacks during the
In the event, Sommaripa rule was restored when Venice recognized Alberto Sommaripa as the rightful heir.[33] The island was seized by the Ottoman admiral Hayreddin Barbarossa in 1537, but Crusino III Sommaripa managed to regain it through the intercession of the French ambassador, in exchange for an annual tribute of 35,000 akçes to the Ottoman governor at Negroponte.[34]
Ottoman period
When the Ottomans annexed Naxos in 1566, at the behest of the local Greeks, the Andrians too decided to rise up against their ruler,
Modern period
On May 10, 1821,
Following Independence, Andros became a major centre of
Administration
Andros is a separate
Province
The province of Andros (Greek: Επαρχία Άνδρου) was one of the provinces of the Cyclades Prefecture. Its territory corresponded with that of the current regional unit Andros.[40] It was abolished in 2006.
Population
In 1900, Andros, the capital, had about 2,000 inhabitants, and the island as a whole had a population of about 18,000. The 1991 census showed that number had dropped to 8,781. According to the 2011 Greek census, the town of Andros still numbered 1,665 inhabitants, and the island's total was 9,221. The island is composed of the municipal units of
Communities and settlements
- Aladinon
- Apoikia
- Ammolochos
- Andros (Chora)
- Ano Aprovato
- Ano Gavrio
- Arnas
- Batsi
- Epano Fellos
- Gavrio
- Gides
- Kalyvari
- Kaparia
- Katakilo
- Kipri
- Kochylos
- Lamira
- Livadia
- Makrotantalo
- Mermingies
- Mesaria
- Ormos Korthiou
- Palaiokastro
- Palaiopolis
- Piso Meria
- Pitrofos
- Sineti
- Stenies
- Varidio
- Vitalio
- Vouni
- Vourkoti
- Ypsilou
- Zaganiaris
- Strapouries
Cinema
Notable people
- Amphis (4th century BC), comic poet
- Matthew (fl. 1746–1766), Patriarch of Alexandria
- Theophilos Kairis (1784–1853), scholar, teacher, priest and revolutionary
- Alexander Pantages (1875–1936), American vaudeville magnate
- Demetrios I. Polemis (1932–2005), historian and writer, head of the foundation Kaïreios Library in Andros
- UKlong-distance runner
- Nikitas Kaklamanis (1946–present), doctor and politician, mayor of Athens
Gallery
-
Chora of Andros, seafront
-
Panagia Thalassini & ruins of venetian castle in Andros (Mesa Kastro)
-
Street to the Museum of Modern Art (Goulandris Foundation)
-
Chora of Andros, monument in front of the Maritime Museum
-
Xenia Andros
-
Batsi, Andros
-
Gavrio, Andros
-
Stenies village
-
St. Peter's Tower
Notes
- ^ a b c Chisholm 1911.
- ^ "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-21.
- ^ For an account of Palaeopolis in early 1884, see Theodore Bent, The Cyclades, or Life Among the Insular Greeks. London, 1885, pp. 287-290.
- ^ Marble female figure (Cycladic) metmuseum.org
- ^ Philip Chrysopoulos, January 21, 2023, Oldest City in Europe Is Strofilas in Greece. greekreporter.com
- ^ Liritzis, I, Strofilas (Andros Island, Greece): new evidence for the cycladic final neolithic period through novel dating methods using luminescence and obsidian hydration, Journal of Archaeological Science, Volume 37, Issue 6, June 2010, Pages 1367–1377
- ^ Andros Geometric Settlement. greeka.com
- ISBN 978-1107470644.
- ^ a b c d e f Seleli Alexandra; Beneki Eleni; Spiropoulou Vaso; Tsonos Konstantinos (28 April 2006). "Andros, Chapter 2: History". Cultural Portal of the Aegean Archipelago. Foundation of the Hellenic World. Retrieved 10 April 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Freely 2006, p. 83.
- ^ Setton 1976, p. 9.
- ^ Setton 1976, p. 18.
- ^ Miller 1908, pp. 29, 579.
- ^ Miller 1908, p. 44, 579.
- ^ Setton 1976, p. 19 (note 78), 428.
- ^ Setton 1976, pp. 429–431.
- ^ Miller 1908, pp. 578–579.
- ^ Setton 1976, pp. 431–432.
- ^ Miller 1908, pp. 579–580.
- ^ Miller 1908, p. 580.
- ^ Miller 1908, p. 581.
- ^ Miller 1908, p. 592.
- ^ Miller 1908, pp. 593–595.
- ^ Miller 1908, pp. 596, 604.
- ^ Miller 1908, pp. 598–599, 603.
- ^ Miller 1908, p. 600.
- ^ Miller 1908, p. 603.
- ^ Miller 1908, pp. 595, 604–605.
- ^ Setton 1978, p. 93 (note 47).
- ^ Miller 1908, p. 611.
- ^ Miller 1908, p. 617.
- ^ Miller 1908, p. 619.
- ^ Miller 1908, p. 621.
- ^ Miller 1908, p. 628.
- ^ Miller 1908, pp. 634–636.
- ^ Miller 1908, pp. 637–643.
- ^ Miller 1908, pp. 643–644.
- ^ Seleli Alexandra; Beneki Eleni; Spiropoulou Vaso; Tsonos Konstantinos (28 April 2006). "Andros, Chapter 5: Shipping on Andros". Cultural Portal of the Aegean Archipelago. Foundation of the Hellenic World. Retrieved 10 April 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text" (in Greek). Government Gazette.
- ^ "Detailed census results 1991" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2016. (39 MB) (in Greek and French)
- ^ Jochalas, Titos P. (1971): Über die Einwanderung der Albaner in Griechenland: Eine zusammenfassene Betrachtung ["On the immigration of Albanians to Greece: A summary"]. München: Trofenik.
References
- "Large Bronze Age Town Unearthed On Andros." New York, N.Y.:Hellenic Times. Sep 2- 30, 2005. Vol. XXXII, Iss. 11; pg. 2. ISSN 1059-2121 (link)
- ISBN 1845111605.
- Miller, William (1908). The Latins in the Levant, a History of Frankish Greece (1204–1566). New York: E.P. Dutton and Company.
- Demetrios I. Polemis: History of Andros. Kaïreios Library, Andros 2016. Translated by Dafni Dimitriadou. With an Appendix including new data on Andros. ISBN 978-960-7709-38-7 (Translation of Δημήτριου Ι. Πολέμη, Ιστορία της Άνδρου, Άνδρος 1981)
- ISBN 0-87169-114-0.
- ISBN 0-87169-127-2.
Attribution:
- public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Andros", Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 2 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 1 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
External links
- Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 2 (9th ed.), 1878, p. 23 ,
- Official website of Municipality of Ándros (in English and Greek)
- Official website of Municipality of Korthío (in English and Greek)
- Andros365 e-mag of Andros Island (in English and Greek)
- Richard Stillwell, ed. Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, 1976: Archived 2007-12-14 at the Wayback Machine "Andros, one of the Cyclades, Greece"
- Latest News (in Greek)