Anemonoides nemorosa
Anemonoides nemorosa | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Ranunculales |
Family: | Ranunculaceae |
Genus: | Anemonoides |
Species: | A. nemorosa
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Binomial name | |
Anemonoides nemorosa (L.) Holub
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Synonyms[1] | |
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Anemonoides nemorosa (syn. Anemone nemorosa), the wood anemone, is an early-spring
Description
Anemonoides nemorosa is a
The plants start blooming in spring, March to May in the British Isles[5]: 28 soon after the foliage emerges from the ground. The flowers are solitary, held above the foliage on short stems, with a whorl of three palmate or palmately-lobed leaflike bracts beneath. The flowers are 2 centimetres (0.8 in) diameter, with six or seven (and on rare occasions eight to ten) tepals (petal-like segments) with many stamens. In the wild the flowers are usually white but may be pinkish, lilac or blue, and often have a darker tint on the backs of the tepals.
Similar species
The yellow wood anemone (Anemonoides ranunculoides) is slightly smaller, with yellow flowers and usually without basal leaves.[4]
Wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella, which grows in similar shaded places, can be readily distinguished by its 3-parted, clover-like leaves and smaller flowers with only white petals and 5 sepals.[5][6]
Distribution and habitat
The native range of Anemonoides nemorosa extends across
A. nemorosa is often found in shady woods.[6] The species is common in the British Isles[5] but it spreads very slowly there, by as little as six feet per century, so it is often used as an indicator for ancient woodland.[9]
Ecology
The flowers are pollinated by insects, especially hoverflies.[10] The seeds are achenes.[4]
In cultivation
Many cultivars have been selected for garden use, The RHS Plant Finder 2008–2009 lists 70 cultivars sold by nurseries in the UK. Some of the most widely available are:
- 'Alba Plena' - double white
- 'Allenii'agm[11] - large lavender-blue flowers, often with seven petals (named after James Allen, nurseryman)
- 'Bowles' Purple' - purple flowers (named after E.A. Bowles, plantsman and garden writer)
- 'Bracteata Pleniflora' - double, white flowers, with green streaks and a frilly ruff of bracts
- 'Robinsoniana'agm[12] - pale lavender-blue flowers (named after William Robinson, plantsman and garden writer)
- 'Royal Blue' - deep blue flowers with purple backs
- 'Vestal'agm[13] - white, anemone-centred flowers
- 'Virescens'agm[14] - flowers mutated into small conical clusters of leaves
Those marked agm are recipients of the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Anemonoides × lipsiensis, a hybrid between A. nemorosa and A. ranunculoides,[15] has pale yellow flowers; A. × lipsiensis 'Pallida' is the best-known result of this cross. It has also been awarded the AGM.[16]
Gallery
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Anemonoides nemorosa in Flemingsbergsskogens naturreservat, Sweden
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Form in Chemnitz, Germany
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Colonial growth in forest, Radziejowice, Poland
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Double-flowered cultivar in Lincolnshire, England
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Pink-flowered plant in Hohenlohe, Germany
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Flowers with six, seven, eight and nine tepals
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A flowering wood anemone.
References
- ^ a b c "Anemonoides nemorosa (L.) Holub". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
- ^ "Anemone nemorosa Wood Anemone, European thimbleweed PFAF Plant Database". Plants for a Future. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
- ^ "Wood anemone". UPM Forest Life. 2019-05-13. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-521-70772-5.
- ^ ISBN 0-521-23290-2.
- ^ ISBN 978-185918-4783
- ^ Dutton, Bryan E.; Keener, Carl S.; Ford, Bruce A. (1997). "Anemone". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2020-11-28 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^ " Anemone nemorosa". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Plantlife - Wood Anemone". Archived from the original on 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
- ^ Blank, S. and M. Wulf. on seed production and pollinator biology of Anemone nemorosa (Buschwindröschen). Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF). 2008.
- ^ "Anemone nemorosa 'Allenii'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
- ^ "Anemone nemorosa 'Robinsoniana'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
- ^ "Anemone nemorosa 'Vestal'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
- ^ "Anemone nemorosa 'Virescens'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
- . Retrieved 21 July 2020.
- ^ "Anemone × lipsiensis 'Pallida'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
Further reading
- Shirreffs, D. A. 1985. Anemone nemorosa L. Journal of Ecology 73: 1005-1020.
- Philip, C. (2008). Plant Finder 2008-2009. ISBN 978-1-4053-3190-6.
- Plantlife - Wood Anemone Archived 2021-03-08 at the Wayback Machine