Anemonoides nemorosa

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Anemonoides nemorosa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
Genus: Anemonoides
Species:
A. nemorosa
Binomial name
Anemonoides nemorosa
(L.) Holub
Synonyms[1]
  • Anemanthus nemorosus (L.) Fourr.
  • Anemonanthea nemorosa (L.) Gray
  • Anemone nemorosa L.
  • Anemone nemorosa f. vulgaris Ulbr.
  • Anemone nemorosa-alba Crantz
  • Anemone pentaphylla Hook. ex Pritz.
  • Pulsatilla nemorosa (L.) Schrank

Anemonoides nemorosa (syn. Anemone nemorosa), the wood anemone, is an early-spring

herbaceous
plant growing 5–15 cm (2–6 in) tall.

Description

Six-petaled white flower
Typical flower

Anemonoides nemorosa is a

herbaceous perennial plant less than 30 centimetres (12 in) in height. The compound basal leaves are palmate or ternate (divided into three lobes).[4]: 106  They grow from underground root-like stems called rhizomes
and die back down by mid summer (summer dormant).

The plants start blooming in spring, March to May in the British Isles[5]: 28  soon after the foliage emerges from the ground. The flowers are solitary, held above the foliage on short stems, with a whorl of three palmate or palmately-lobed leaflike bracts beneath. The flowers are 2 centimetres (0.8 in) diameter, with six or seven (and on rare occasions eight to ten) tepals (petal-like segments) with many stamens. In the wild the flowers are usually white but may be pinkish, lilac or blue, and often have a darker tint on the backs of the tepals.

Similar species

The yellow wood anemone (Anemonoides ranunculoides) is slightly smaller, with yellow flowers and usually without basal leaves.[4]

Wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella, which grows in similar shaded places, can be readily distinguished by its 3-parted, clover-like leaves and smaller flowers with only white petals and 5 sepals.[5][6]

Distribution and habitat

Eight A. nemorosas in the coat of arms of Raseborg

The native range of Anemonoides nemorosa extends across

Newfoundland, Quebec, and Massachusetts.[7][8]

A. nemorosa is often found in shady woods.[6] The species is common in the British Isles[5] but it spreads very slowly there, by as little as six feet per century, so it is often used as an indicator for ancient woodland.[9]

Ecology

Pollination

The flowers are pollinated by insects, especially hoverflies.[10] The seeds are achenes.[4]

In cultivation

Many cultivars have been selected for garden use, The RHS Plant Finder 2008–2009 lists 70 cultivars sold by nurseries in the UK. Some of the most widely available are:

Anemonoides × lipsiensis, center, with its parents, A. nemorosa, left, and A.ranunculoides, right
  • 'Alba Plena' - double white
  • 'Allenii'agm[11] - large lavender-blue flowers, often with seven petals (named after James Allen, nurseryman)
  • 'Bowles' Purple' - purple flowers (named after E.A. Bowles, plantsman and garden writer)
  • 'Bracteata Pleniflora' - double, white flowers, with green streaks and a frilly ruff of
    bracts
  • 'Robinsoniana'agm[12] - pale lavender-blue flowers (named after William Robinson, plantsman and garden writer)
  • 'Royal Blue' - deep blue flowers with purple backs
  • 'Vestal'agm[13] - white, anemone-centred flowers
  • 'Virescens'agm[14] - flowers mutated into small conical clusters of leaves

Those marked agm are recipients of the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Anemonoides × lipsiensis, a hybrid between A. nemorosa and A. ranunculoides,[15] has pale yellow flowers; A. × lipsiensis 'Pallida' is the best-known result of this cross. It has also been awarded the AGM.[16]

Gallery

  • Anemonoides nemorosa in Flemingsbergsskogens naturreservat, Sweden
    Anemonoides nemorosa in Flemingsbergsskogens naturreservat, Sweden
  • A wood anemone in flower,
    Form in Chemnitz, Germany
  • Colonial growth in forest, Radziejowice, Poland
    Colonial growth in forest, Radziejowice, Poland
  • Double-flowered cultivar in Lincolnshire, England
    Double-flowered cultivar in Lincolnshire, England
  • Pink-flowered plant in Hohenlohe, Germany
    Pink-flowered plant in Hohenlohe, Germany
  • Flowers with six, seven, eight and nine tepals
    Flowers with six, seven, eight and nine tepals
  • A flowering wood anemone.
    A flowering wood anemone.

References

  1. ^ a b c "Anemonoides nemorosa (L.) Holub". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  2. ^ "Anemone nemorosa Wood Anemone, European thimbleweed PFAF Plant Database". Plants for a Future. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
  3. ^ "Wood anemone". UPM Forest Life. 2019-05-13. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
  4. ^ .
  5. ^ .
  6. ^
  7. ^ Dutton, Bryan E.; Keener, Carl S.; Ford, Bruce A. (1997). "Anemone". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2020-11-28 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  8. ^ " Anemone nemorosa". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  9. ^ "Plantlife - Wood Anemone". Archived from the original on 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
  10. ^ Blank, S. and M. Wulf. on seed production and pollinator biology of Anemone nemorosa (Buschwindröschen). Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF). 2008.
  11. ^ "Anemone nemorosa 'Allenii'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  12. ^ "Anemone nemorosa 'Robinsoniana'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  13. ^ "Anemone nemorosa 'Vestal'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  14. ^ "Anemone nemorosa 'Virescens'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  15. . Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  16. ^ "Anemone × lipsiensis 'Pallida'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.

Further reading