Angara

Angara
Angara
Location
Country	Russia
Regions	Irkutsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Physical characteristics
Source	Lake Baikal
• location	Baykal, Irkutsk Oblast
• coordinates	51°52′01″N 104°49′05″E / 51.867°N 104.818°E
• elevation	389 m (1,276 ft)
Mouth	Yenisey
• location	Lesosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
• coordinates	58°06′07″N 92°59′28″E / 58.102°N 92.991°E
• elevation	75 m (246 ft)
Length	1,849 km (1,149 mi) to 1,779 km (1,105 mi)
Basin size	1,039,000 km2 (401,000 sq mi) to 1,056,000 km2 (408,000 sq mi)
Discharge
• location	Confluence of the Yenisey (near mouth)
• average	4,530 m3/s (160,000 cu ft/s) to 4,980 m3/s (176,000 cu ft/s)
Basin features
Progression	Yenisey→ Kara Sea

The Angara (

Lower Tunguska)^[5]^[6] and, with the names reversed, as the Lower Tunguska.^[7]

Course

Leaving Lake Baikal near the settlement of Listvyanka, the Angara flows north past the Irkutsk Oblast cities of Irkutsk, Angarsk, Bratsk, and Ust-Ilimsk. It then crosses the Angara Range and turns west, entering Krasnoyarsk Krai, and joining the Yenisey near Strelka, 40 kilometres (25 mi) south-east of Lesosibirsk.

Dams and reservoirs

Four dams of major hydroelectric plants - constructed since the 1950s - exploit the waters of the Angara:

Irkutsk Dam, forming the Irkutsk Reservoir, which floods the valley of the river from its source to Irkutsk, and slightly raises the water level in Lake Baikal
Bratsk Dam, forming the Bratsk Reservoir
Ust-Ilimsk Dam, at Ust-Ilimsk, forming the Ust-Ilimsk Reservoir
Boguchany Dam, at Kodinsk

The reservoirs of these dams flooded a number of villages along the Angara and its tributaries (including the historic fort of Ilimsk on the Ilim), as well as numerous agricultural areas in the river valley. Due to its effects on the way of life of the rural residents of the Angara valley, dam construction was criticized by a number of Soviet intellectuals, in particular by the Irkutsk writer Valentin Rasputin - both in his novel Farewell to Matyora (1976) and in his non-fiction book Siberia, Siberia (1991).

Navigation

The Angara is navigable by modern watercraft on several isolated sections:^[8]^[9]^[10]

from Lake Baikal to Irkutsk
from Irkutsk to Bratsk
on the Ust-Ilimsk Reservoir
from the Boguchany Dam (Kodinsk) to the river's fall into the Yenisey.

The section between the Ust-Ilimsk Dam and the Boguchany Dam has not been navigable due to rapids. However, with the completion of the Boguchany Dam, and filling of its reservoir, at least part of this section of the river will become navigable as well. Nonetheless, this will not enable through navigation from Lake Baikal to the Yenisey, as none of the existing three dams has been provided with a

ship lock or a boat lift

, nor will the Boguchany Dam have one.

another river

Despite the absence of a continuous navigable waterway, the Angara and its tributary the

Lena. The river lost its transportation significance after the construction of an overland route between Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk and, later, the Trans-Siberian Railway

.

Tributaries

The largest tributaries of the Angara are, from source to mouth:[1]^[11]

Irkut (left)
Kitoy (left)
Belaya (left)
Oka (left)
Iya (left)
Ilim (right)
Kova (left)
Koda (right)
Chadobets (right)
Mura (left)
Irkeneyeva (right)
Taseyeva (left)

References

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Река Ангара in the State Water Register of Russia". verum.wiki (in Russian).
^ ^a ^b ^c "Yenisey River".
^ "Angara River". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 2006-10-26.
^ EB (1878).
^ ВЕРХНЯЯ ТУНГУСКА (Verkhnyaya Tunguska, in the dictionary of Russia's place names).
^ Tunguska, in Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia
^ See, e.g., the 1773 Kitchen map above.
^ "Angara River, southeast-central Russia". Archived from the original on 2017-06-10. Retrieved 2006-10-26.
^ Енисейское пароходство: Ангара – судоходство и грузоперевозки (Yenisey Shipping Company: Angara — navigation and cargo shipping) (in Russian)
^ Особенности движения и стоянки судов по внутренним водным путям Восточно-Сибирского бассейна Archived March 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine (Special navigation rules for the internal waterways of the Eastern Siberia Basin) (in Russian)
^ Ангара, Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Bibliography

"Upper and Lower Angara" , 'Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. II, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1878, p. 26.

External links

Angara River, southeast-central Russia Archived 2017-06-10 at the Wayback Machine
Angara River
Angara River photo
Map of region showing mouth of Angara River
Map book of region showing mouth of Angara River Archived 2016-01-09 at the Wayback Machine
Photo of river and dam

[gvr-1] "Река Ангара in the State Water Register of Russia". verum.wiki (in Russian).

[Yenisey_River-2] "Yenisey River".

[3] "Angara River". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 2006-10-26.

[FOOTNOTEEB1878-4] EB (1878).

[5] ВЕРХНЯЯ ТУНГУСКА (Verkhnyaya Tunguska, in the dictionary of Russia's place names).

[6] Tunguska, in Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia

[7] See, e.g., the 1773 Kitchen map above.

[8] "Angara River, southeast-central Russia". Archived from the original on 2017-06-10. Retrieved 2006-10-26.

[9] Енисейское пароходство: Ангара – судоходство и грузоперевозки (Yenisey Shipping Company: Angara — navigation and cargo shipping) (in Russian)

[10] Особенности движения и стоянки судов по внутренним водным путям Восточно-Сибирского бассейна Archived March 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine (Special navigation rules for the internal waterways of the Eastern Siberia Basin) (in Russian)

[11] Ангара, Great Soviet Encyclopedia

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