Angarey
| Author |
|
|---|---|
| Original title | Angarey |
| Country | British India |
| Language | Urdu |
| Publisher | Nizami Press (Lucknow) |
Publication date | 1932 (first edition) |
| Media type |
| Part of a series on |
| Progressive Writers' Movement |
|---|
Angarey or Angaaray (translated alternatively as "Embers" or "Burning Coals") is a collection of nine short stories and a one act play in
Content
The volume consists of nine short stories and a one-act play.[3]
- Garmiyon ki Ek Raat (A Summer Night) - Sajjad Zaheer
- Dulari - Sajjad Zaheer
- Jannat ki Basharat (Heaven Assured!) - Sajjad Zaheer
- Neend Nahin Aati (Insomnia) Sajjad Zaheer
- Phir Yeh Hungama (The Same Uproar, Once Again) - Sajjad Zaheer
- Dilli ki Sair (A Trip to Delhi) - Rashid Jahan
- Jawanmardi (Masculinity) - Mahmud-uz-Zafar [note 1]
- Badal Nahin Aate (The Clouds Don’t Come) - Ahmed Ali
- Muhavatton ki Ek Raat (A Night of Winter Rain) - Ahmed Ali [note 2]
- Parde ke piche (Behind the Veil: A One Act Play) - Rashid Jahan
Themes
Sajjad Zaheer, Rashid Jahan, Ali Ahmed and Mahmud-uz-Zafar were all educated in Oxford and were heavily inspired by the writings of James Joyce, Virginia Woolf and D. H. Lawrence and in some cases from Marxist writings. They were not only critical of conservative elements within the Muslim community but also of the corrosive effects of British imperial rule in India.[2] The stories of Zaheer related enslavement to social and religious practice based on ignorance. They protested against the prevailing social, religious and political institutions and the economic inequality of the society.[4] Zaheer's stories also dealt with sexual desire and sexual repression and highlighted the ways that religious and social restrictions unnecessarily damage the human psyche.[5] The stories of Rashid Jahan dealt with oppressive worlds of Muslim women and the outdated religious and social dogma their societies. [6][4] Ali's stories delved primarily on the condition of women like poverty, domestic abuse, sexual desire and longing experienced by widows.[5]
Controversy
Reception
Angaray was first published in December 1932 by the Nizami Press,
Ban
Four months after publication, on 15 March 1933, the book was banned by the government of the United Provinces under Section 295A of the Indian Penal Code. All but five copies were destroyed by the police, two of which were sent to British Library’s Oriental and India Office Collections. [1]
However, even after Angarey was proscribed, the four authors refused to apologize for it. On 5 April 1933, Mahmud-uz-Zafar wrote an article, ‘In Defence of Angarey’ for The piece was also reproduced in some other papers, including the Hindustan Times. Subtitled ‘Shall We Submit to Gagging?’ it read:
The authors of this book do not wish to make any apology for it. They leave it to float or sink of itself. They are not afraid of the consequences of having launched it. They only wish to defend 'the right of launching it and all other vessels like it' ... they stand for the right of free criticism and free expression in all matters of the highest importance to the human race in general and the Indian people in particular... Whatever happen to the book or to the authors, we hope that others will not be discouraged. Our practical proposal is the formation immediately of a League of Progressive Authors, which should bring forth similar collections from time to time both in English and the various vernaculars of our country. We appeal to all those who are interested in this idea to get in touch with us.[4]
Impact
The banning of Angaaray directly led to the formation of the All India Progressive Writers’ Association, which later attracted writers like
Republication
In 1987 the microfilm of the book was found to have been preserved in the British Museum in London and was brought back to India by Qamar Rais, the head of the Urdu department of Delhi University. The stories were then edited by Khalid Alvi and the book was published as Angarey in Urdu by Educational Publishing House, Delhi, in 1995.[9]
Translation
The book has been translated into English twice. The first translation, "Angarey" printed by Rupa, is authored by Vibha S. Chauhan and Khalid Alvi. The second book titled "Angaaray" is translated by Snehal Shingavi, an academic at the University of Texas and printed by Penguin. Both books were released in 2014.[1]
References
Notes
Citations
- ^ ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ a b Pioneer, The. "A cut above the rest". The Pioneer. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ "The literary forest fire that censors failed to extinguish". www.sunday-guardian.com. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ S2CID 145341513– via JSTOR.
- ^ a b "Banned Urdu short-story collection now in English". The Economic Times. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ "Syed Sajjad Zaheer – Sangat Book Review". Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ Jalil, Rakhshanda (5 November 2017). "Remembering writer and Progressive Writers' Association founder Sajjad Zaheer". National Herald. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ ISBN 978-81-241-0525-2.
- ^ ISBN 978-81-291-3108-9.
- ^ KK, Satyavrat. "Why 'Angaaray' was banned (and what it could teach an Indian author about writing of women and sex)". Scroll.in. Retrieved 26 December 2020.