Angiopteris

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Angiopteris
Angiopteris evecta
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Polypodiophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Order: Marattiales
Family: Marattiaceae
Genus: Angiopteris
Hoffm.
Type species
Angiopteris evecta
(Forster) Hoffmann
Species

See text.

Synonyms[1]
  • Archangiopteris Christ & Giesenh.
  • Clementea Cav.
  • Macroglossum Copel.
  • Protangiopteris Hayata
  • Protomarattia Hayata
  • Psilodochea C.Presl

Angiopteris is a

rhizomes are sometimes segregated into the genus Archangiopteris, and a once-pinnate monotypic segregate genus has been called Macroglossum, but molecular data supports inclusion of these taxa within a broad concept of Angiopteris.[2]

Angiopteris evecta has been introduced and naturalized in Hawaii, Jamaica, and parts of Central America, where it has become an invasive weed in lower elevation drainages.[3] They feature a large, erect, woody rhizome with a wide base supported by thick roots. The fronds are deltoid, pinnate, 5–8 metres (16–26 ft) long, with spreading leaflets.[4]

Angiopteris is unique among ferns in having explosively dispersed spores, thought to be caused by the cavitation of an airspace between spore layers.[5]

The basal chromosome number for this genus is 2n=80. The type species is Angiopteris evecta.[2]

Species

Angiopteris taxonomy is poorly understood, with nearly 200 poorly defined species having been named,[2] only a small handful of which are recognized in modern floras As of October 2022[6].

Phylogeny of Angiopteris[7][8]

A. angustifolia C.Presl

A. smithii Racib.

A. itoi (W.C.Shieh) J.M.Camus

A. bipinnata (Ching) J.M.Camus

A. chingii J.M.Camus

A. danaeoides Z.R.He & Christenh.

A. rapensis E.D.Br.

A. tamdaoensis (Hayata) J.Y.Xiang & T.Wang

A. tonkinensis (Hayata) J.M.Camus

A. pruinosa Kunze

A. evecta (G.Forst.) Hoffm. (Giant king fern)

A. marchionica E.D.Br.

A. fokiensis Hieron.

A. annamensis C.Chr. & Tardieu

A. yunnanensis Hieron.

A. dianyuecola Z.R.He & W.M.Chu

A. madagascariensis de Vriese

A. somae (Hayata) Makino & Nemoto

Unassigned species:

References

  1. ^ "Angiopteris Hoffm". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  2. ^
    doi:10.1002/tax.573007
    .
  3. PMID 21632388
    .
  4. ^ Ellison, Don (1999) Cultivated Plants of the World. London: New Holland (1st ed.: Brisbane: Flora Publications International, 1995)
  5. S2CID 51794034
    .
  6. ^ Hassler, Michael (2004–2022). "Genus Angiopteris Hoffm". World Ferns. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Version 14.1. Retrieved 2022-10-13.
  7. PMID 36092417
    .
  8. ^ "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.5.0 [GenBank release 256]. 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
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