Anglican Church of Southern Africa
Anglican Church of Southern Africa | |
---|---|
Archbishop of Cape Town | |
Headquarters | 20 Bishopscourt Drive, Bishopscourt, 7708 Cape Town, South Africa |
Territory | Eswatini Lesotho Namibia Saint Helena South Africa |
Independence | 1870 |
Members | c. 3–4 million[1] |
Official website | anglicanchurchsa |
The Anglican Church of Southern Africa, known until 2006 as the Church of the Province of Southern Africa, is the
The
History
The first Anglican clergy to minister regularly at the Cape were military chaplains who accompanied the troops when the British occupied the Cape Colony in 1795 and then again in 1806. The second British occupation resulted in a growing influx of civil servants and settlers who were members of the Church of England, and so civil or colonial chaplains were appointed to minister to their needs. These were under the authority of the Governor.
The first missionary of the
The Anglican Church in Southern Africa was at that time under the
Some Anglican parishes in the then-Cape Colony refused to join the Church of the Province of South Africa when it was constituted in 1870; these parishes constituted themselves as the Church of England in South Africa (CESA). CESA has subsequently renamed itself as the Reformed Evangelical Anglican Church of South Africa.
In 2006, the name Church of the Province of Southern Africa was dropped as the name was confusing to some people. The church was renamed the Anglican Church of Southern Africa.
In July 2012,
Organisation
The polity of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa is
. The province is divided into various dioceses, each led by its own bishop.Dioceses
Diocese | Bishop | Territory | Cathedral | Founded |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cape Town | ) | Cape Town and nearer suburbs, and Tristan da Cunha | St George's Cathedral , Cape Town
|
1847 |
Christ the King | Mkhuseli Sobantwana | Vaal Triangle and southern suburbs of Johannesburg | 1990 (from Johannesburg) | |
False Bay | Margaret Vertue | Southeastern suburbs of Cape Town, Stellenbosch, the Overberg and the Breede River Valley | 2005 (from Cape Town) | |
Free State | Dintoe Stephen Letloenyane | Free State province | Cathedral of St Andrew and St Michael, Bloemfontein | 1863 (from Cape Town, as Diocese of Bloemfontein) |
George | Edwin Pockpass | Great Karoo
|
George
|
1911 (from Cape Town) |
Grahamstown | Ebenezer Ntlali | Area of East London in the Eastern Cape
|
Grahamstown
|
1853 (from Cape Town) |
Highveld | Charles May | East Rand and southern Mpumalanga | St Dunstan's Cathedral, Benoni | 1990 (from Johannesburg, as Diocese of South Eastern Transvaal) |
Johannesburg | Stephen Moreo | Central Johannesburg, its northern suburbs and the West Rand | St Mary's Cathedral, Johannesburg | 1922 (from Pretoria) |
Kimberley and Kuruman | Brian Marajh | Northeastern half of Northern Cape, western part of North West | St Cyprian's Cathedral, Kimberley | 1911 (from Bloemfontein, Cape Town and Grahamstown) |
Lesotho | Vicentia Kgabe | Lesotho | Cathedral of St Mary and St James, Maseru | 1950 (from Free State, as Diocese of Basutoland) |
Matlosane | Molopi Diseko | Central part of North West | Cathedral of the Resurrection, Ikageng | 1990 (from Johannesburg, as Diocese of Klerksdorp) |
Mbhashe | Elliot Williams | Southern part of the former Butterworth and Ngcobo
|
2010 (from Mthatha) | |
Mpumalanga | Dan Kgomosotho | Northern Mpumalanga province | 2004 (from Pretoria) | |
Mthatha | Thembinkosi Jamuel Ngombane | Central part of the former Port St Johns
|
St John's Cathedral, Mthatha | 1872 (from Grahamstown and Natal, as Diocese of St John's) |
Namibia | Patrick Djuulume | Namibia | St George's Cathedral, Windhoek | 1924 (as Diocese of Damaraland) |
Natal | Nkosinathi Ndwandwe[6][7] | KwaZulu-Natal southwest of the Buffalo and Tugela Rivers | Cathedral of the Holy Nativity, Pietermaritzburg | 1853 (from Cape Town) |
Port Elizabeth | Eddie Daniels | Western part of the Port Elizabeth to Colesberg
|
St Mary's Cathedral, Port Elizabeth | 1970 (from Grahamstown) |
Pretoria | Allen Kannemeyer | Northern part of Gauteng and northeastern part of North West | St Alban's Cathedral, Pretoria
|
1878 (from Bloemfontein) |
St Helena | Dale Bowers | Saint Helena and Ascension Island | Saint Paul's Cathedral, Saint Helena | 1859 (from Cape Town) |
St Mark the Evangelist | Luke Pretorius | Limpopo province | Christ Church Cathedral, Polokwane | 1987 (from Pretoria) |
Saldanha Bay | Raphael Hess | Northern suburbs of Cape Town, the Swartland, the West Coast and Namaqualand | 2005 (from Cape Town) | |
Swaziland | Dalcy Badeli Dlamini | Eswatini | All Saints Cathedral, Mbabane | 1968 (from Zululand) |
Ukhahlamba | Vacant | North-central part of the Queenstown to Aliwal North
|
Cathedral of St. Michael, Queenstown
|
2009 (from Grahamstown) |
Umzimvubu | Tsietsi Seleoane | Griqualand East and the northeastern part of the former Transkei | 1991 (from Mthatha) | |
Zululand | Vikinduku Mnculwane | KwaZulu-Natal northeast of the Buffalo and Tugela Rivers | Cathedral of St Michael and All Angels, Eshowe | 1870 (from Natal) |
Angola and Mozambique
At its Autumn 2020 meeting the provincial standing committee approved a plan to form the dioceses which were part of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa in Mozambique and Angola into a separate autonomous province of the Anglican Communion, to be named the Anglican Church of Mozambique and Angola Igreja Anglicana de Moçambique e Angola (IAMA).[8] The plans were also outlined to the Mozambique and Angola Anglican Association (MANNA) at its September 2020 annual general meeting.[9]
The new province would be Portuguese-speaking, and would initially consist of twelve dioceses - four formed out of the existing diocese of Angola, plus eight formed out of the existing three dioceses in Mozambique.[8] The plan has also received the consent of the bishops and diocesan synods of all four existing dioceses in the two nations.
The Anglican Church of Mozambique and Angola was formally inaugurated on 24 September 2021, in an online teleconference.[10]
There are more than 800 Anglican church congregations in Angola and Mozambique, and the new province would have an initial membership of approximately half a million people.[9]
Liturgy and prayer books
The Anglican Church in Southern Africa has used the following prayer books:
- The 1662 English Book of Common Prayer
- An Alternative Form of the Calendar and Occasional Offices of the Church Set forth by Authority for Use in the Church of the Province of South Africa Where Allowed by the Bishop. London: S.P.C.K.1946.
- A Book of Common Prayer. London and Cape Town: Oxford University Press and S.P.C.K.1954.
- The Holy Eucharist morning & evening prayer, 1975. Johannesburg (South Africa): C.P.S.A. 1975. ISBN 0868810037.
- An Anglican Prayer Book. Collins Liturgical Publications. 1989. ISBN 978-0-00-599180-0.
The Anglican church was a product of the English Reformation and political contexts of the sixteenth century. Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, was instrumental in determining the form Anglicanism was to take, not by writing confessional statements or significant theological treaties, but through his authoring of the Book of Common Prayer in 1549 and 1552. All expressions of Anglicanism forever after defined itself in relation to the concept of the Prayer Book, whether being faithful to the Reformed tradition or seeking different approaches. Other denominations have found unity in confessional documents, or doctrinal formularies, or a systematically articulated theology, or the pronouncements of magisterial authorities.[11]
When the work of revising the liturgy in the twentieth century was undertaken it was with the understanding that it was touching the nerve-centre of the Anglican ethos, since Anglican identity takes a more intangible form, deeply dependent upon the influence and binding effect of its liturgical worship.[12] The most recent revision of the Prayer Book resulted in the publishing of An Anglican Prayer Book (1989). The Anglican Prayer Book stands alongside the South African Book of Common Prayer (1954).[13] Both the 1989 and 1954 prayer books have the English 1662 Book of Common Prayer as a common source.
The work of the revision reflected the worldwide
These sensitivities and influences are most evident in the Eucharistic liturgy. Four Eucharistic prayers are given to accommodate different theological preferences. Two are taken from the Church of England, one is borrowed with permission from the Roman Catholic Canon, and pride of place is given in the First Eucharistic Prayer to an indigenous product. The influence of the liturgical movement can be seen in the overall structure and language of the Eucharist, including seeking a sense of continuity with the early, apostolic church.
In tracing this line of continuity from the Lord's Table to the Communion Table, a prayer traditionally ascribed to
Doctrine and practice
There are a wide range of beliefs among Anglicans, from Evangelical to Anglo-Catholic, from liberal to traditional, but what unites Anglicans is common prayer Lex orandi, lex credendi.[15][16]
The centre of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa's teaching is the life and resurrection of
include:- Jesus died and was resurrected from the dead.
- The Old and New Testaments of the Bible were written by people "under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit". The Apocrypha are additional books that are used in Christian worship.
- The two great and necessary sacraments are Holy Baptism and Holy Eucharist
- Other unction.
The threefold sources of authority in Anglicanism are scripture, tradition, and reason. These three sources uphold and critique each other in a dynamic way. This balance of scripture, tradition and reason is traced to the work of Richard Hooker, a sixteenth-century apologist. In Hooker's model, scripture is the primary means of arriving at doctrine and things stated plainly in scripture are accepted as true. Issues that are ambiguous are determined by tradition, which is checked by reason.[18]
The Anglican Church of Southern Africa embraces three orders of ministry:
Social issues and ecumenical relations
Ordination of women
The Anglican Church of Southern Africa is regarded as the most liberal Anglican province in Africa with respect to the ordination of women and homosexuality. The church ordained the first woman as a deacon in 1985 followed by ordaining three women to the priesthood in 1992.[19] In 2012, the church consecrated Ellinah Wamukoya as the bishop of Swaziland.[20] Later, the church consecrated Margaret Vertue as bishop of False Bay.[21] In 2014, the church appointed the first woman to lead the provincial residential theological college.[22] In 2021, Vicentia Kgabe was appointed as the bishop of Lesotho, making her the sixth woman to be an Anglican bishop for the continent of Africa.[23][24]
Same-sex unions and LGBT clergy
The canon law of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa states that "marriage by divine institution is a lifelong and exclusive union partnership between one man and one woman."
The Diocese of Cape Town, after a synod in 2009, passed a resolution calling the bishops of the church to give pastoral guidelines for homosexual couples who lived in "covenanted relationships." The resolution agreed to "Affirming a pastoral response to same-sex partnerships of faithful commitment in our parish families."
In December 2015, Canon
House | For | Against | Total | % In Favour |
---|---|---|---|---|
Laity | 25 | 41 | 66 | 37.9% |
Clergy | 34 | 42 | 76 | 44.7% |
Bishops | 6 | 16 | 22 | 27.3% |
Total | 65 | 99 | 164 | 39.6% |
Archbishop Makgoba "added that 'all is not lost.' He said the issue might hopefully be taken up again at the next Provincial Synod in 2019...He also said the issue could be discussed at the local level in parishes and dioceses."[59] Makgoba further added "I was deeply pained by the outcome of the debate."[60] After the vote, priests in Saldanha Bay declared they would bless same-gender marriages individually.[61] At least one priest, who is in a same-sex relationship, has said the church ordained him knowing of his relationship.[62]
On 2 March 2017, the bench of bishops stated that they are working on "pastoral guidelines for ministry to those in same-sex relationships, which are still incomplete. [The bishops] asked Archbishop Thabo to set up a small group of bishops to work on completing them, together with others who could help the process."[63] Archbishop Ndungane also advocated for a same-sex blessing rite.[64] Archbishop Thabo Makgoba set up a working group ".... to amend Canon 34 which will enable ministry to those in Same Sex Unions and the LGBTI Community in the context in which ACSA operates in Southern Africa."[65] In 2019, the Provincial Synod voted to establish a permanent commission on human sexuality and to send a report to dioceses, for "reflection and study," that recommends allowing each diocese to choose whether to offer services of prayer following a same-sex civil union during a trial period; a third motion to request that bishops develop guidelines for pastoral ministry to LGBTQ persons was deadlocked, and did not pass, in a vote of 75 in favour to 75 against.[66] In 2022, the Bishops of the Dioceses of Lesotho, False Bay, and Saldanha Bay signed a statement expressing support for the inclusion of LGBTQ people in the Anglican Communion.[67] In 2023, the Archbishop's Commission on Human Sexuality proposed allowing clergy to bless same-sex civil unions.[68] In March, 2023, the Synod of Bishops rejected proposals to bless or marry same-sex couples, but they did agree to craft "prayers of affirmation and acknwoledgement for all faithful Anglicans who are in civil unions" that could be said pastorally with same-sex couples.[69][70][71]
Ecumenical relations
The Anglican Church of Southern Africa is a member of the ecumenical World Council of Churches.[72]
Relation with the Anglican Communion conflicts and realignment
South Africa's Anglican church has a more liberal tradition that sets it apart from its more conservative African counterparts.[73] The province has been associated with the most liberal Anglican provinces concerning homosexuality and the acceptance of same-sex unions, such as the United States, Canada, Brazil, New Zealand, Scotland, Wales and South India.[74]
The Anglican Church of Southern Africa, despite being the most liberal Anglican province in Africa, is a member of the
References
Notes
- ^ Up until September 2021 four dioceses in Mozambique and Angola (three in Mozambique and one in Angola) were part of Anglican Church of Southern Africa, these dioceses now form part of the Anglican Church of Mozambique and Angola
Citations
- ^ a b "The Church: We are Anglicans". anglicanchurchsa.org. Anglican Church of Southern Africa. Archived from the original on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
- ^ "Swaziland: First Female Anglican Bishop for Africa Elected in a 'Spirit-Filled' Atmosphere". Anglican Communion News Service. 19 July 2012. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
- ^ "First female Anglican bishop for Africa elected". Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
- ^ Zulu, Phathizwe-Chief (20 November 2012). "Female Anglican bishop a first in Africa". Associated Press.
- ^ Hartle, Ray (20 January 2013). "SA chooses female bishop – Western Cape". Independent Online. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
- ^ Naidoo, Mervyn (29 September 2019). "Durban Bishop 'pushed' to retire amid bitter church spat". Sunday Tribune. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
- ^ Nzimande, Makhosi (9 July 2021). "Bishops Elect new Bishop of Natal". anglicanchurchsa.org. Anglican Church of Southern Africa. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
- ^ a b "Mozambique, Angola plan new Province". Anglican Link. 7 October 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ a b "AGM hears plans progressing for a new Province & Multiplication of Dioceses". Mozambique and Angola Anglican Association. 30 September 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "Igreja Anglicana de Mocambique e Angola, New Province for Angola and Mozambique inaugurated". ALMA Link. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
- ^ Hefling 2006, pp. 2–3.
- ^ a b c d Nuttall 2006.
- ^ Church of the Province of Southern Africa 1989, p. 9.
- ^ Johnson 2006, p. 32.
- ^ Hefling 2006.
- ^ Jones 2006, p. 9.
- ^ Church of the Province of Southern Africa 1989, p. 423.
- ^ "Listening in Scripture Foundation for Listening". Archived from the original on 2 February 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Episcopal News Service: Press Release # 92189". episcopalarchives.org. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- ^ "Ellinah Wamukoya becomes Africa's first Anglican woman bishop". BBC News. 20 November 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- ^ "Second female Anglican bishop elected by Southern Africa". Anglican Journal. 9 October 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- ^ "Anglican priest says her appointment shows barriers can be dismantled". anglicannews.org. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- ^ Conger, George (20 September 2021). "Sixth woman bishop for Africa". Anglican Ink © 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ "Bishop Vicentia Kgabe: "It might sound cliche, but I had to learn to love God's people"". World Council of Churches. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ "C34: of holy matrimony – Anglican Church of Southern Africa". anglicanchurchsa.org. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
- ^ "Anglican Church around the world". 15 July 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
- ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ Paulsen, David (6 March 2023). "Southern Africa bishops OK prayers for same-sex couples, won't offer blessings, marriage". Episcopal News Service. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
- ^ Githahu, Mwangi (7 March 2023). "Anglican Church resolves to craft 'special prayers' for same-sex couples". IOL.
- ^ "Church's decision to bless same-sex unions hailed | Cape Times". Retrieved 8 October 2018.
- ^ "Global trend: World's oldest Protestant churches now ordain gays and lesbians". United Church of Christ. Archived from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
- ^ "Churchgoers embrace gay priest". News24. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
- ^ Mlangeni, Bongiwe (9 November 2003). "South Africa: Priest Outs Himself Before Sermon". allafrica.com. Sundaytimes.co.uk. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
- ^ Germond 1997, p. 66.
- ^ Kane, Jason (2 June 2007). "South African church torn between liberalism and tradition". Religion News Service. Retrieved 25 August 2016 – via PressReader.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Njongonkulu Ndungane urges Anglican Church to bless same-sex marriage". Retrieved 6 June 2018.
- ^ Tutu, Desmond (11 June 2011). "All are God's Children: On Including Gays and Lesbians in the Church and Society". HuffPost. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
- ^ Gledhill, Ruth (3 October 2016). "Why This Archbishop Wept When His Church Rejected Same-Sex Blessings". Christian News on Christian Today. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
- ^ "Resolution of the Diocese of Cape Town on Ministry to Gays and Lesbians in Covenanted Partnerships". archbishop.anglicanchurchsa.org. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
- ^ "Sexual orientation no barrier to church leadership in Southern Africa". anglicanjournal.com. 11 September 2009. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
- ^ admin. "Sermon Upon the Retirement of Dean Rowan Smith | Diocese of False Bay". Archived from the original on 1 October 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
- ]
- ^ Amos, Lillian (25 October 2011). "Parkwood priest evicted". issuu.com. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
- ^ "Anglican Church of Southern Africa considers Pastoral Response to Civil Unions". anglicannews.org. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
- ^ "Pastoral Response to Civil Unions". archbishop.anglicanchurchsa.org. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
- ^ "Southern Africa: Church considers pastoral response to civil unions". Episcopal Church. 4 October 2013. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
- ^ Mortlock, Monique. "Mpho Tutu ties the knot". wen.co.za. Eye Witness News. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
- ^ "South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu Blesses Gay Union of His Daughter – How Africa". How Africa. 5 January 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
- ^ "Metro – [photo] Archbishop Desmond Tutu Blesses Gay Union of His Daughter". Nigerian Bulletin – Nigeria News Updates. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
- ^ Conger, George (23 May 2016). "Same-sex ceremony conducted with Oxford bishop's permission | Anglican Ink 2016". anglican.ink. Archived from the original on 27 May 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
- ^ Laing, Aislinn (23 May 2016). "Desmond Tutu's reverend daughter marries a woman and loses church licence". The Telegraph. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
- ^ Michael, Mark (4 May 2016). "Bishop Backs Same-sex Marriage – The Living Church". livingchurch.org. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
- ^ Virtue, David W. (22 February 2016). "Anglican Church in Southern Africa Rejects Same-Sex Marriage". Virtue Online.
- ^ "Synod of Bishops of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa". 23 February 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
- ^ Makgoba, Thabo (22 February 2016). "To the People of God – Lent 2016". Archbishop Thabo Makgoba. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
- ^ Stewart, Colin (26 February 2016). "Southern African Anglicans to LGBT people: Welcome". 76 CRIMES. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
- ^ "Southern African synod to consider blessing same-sex civil unions". anglicannews.org. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
- ^ a b "Anglican Church of Southern Africa rejects blessing of same-sex civil unions". 30 September 2016. Archived from the original on 1 October 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
- ^ "The Anglican Church of Southern Africa's debate on human sexuality – Archbishop Thabo Makgoba". archbishop.anglicanchurchsa.org. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
- ^ Sesant, Siyabonga (1 October 2016). "Anglican revolt on same-sex blessing". IOL. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
- ^ Collison, Carl. "Anglican church speaks with two tongues on same-sex unions". Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- ^ "A Pastoral Letter From Your Bishops – Anglican Church of Southern Africa". anglicanchurchsa.org. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
- ^ "Bless same-sex marriages' pleads retired Anglican archbishop". Retrieved 6 June 2018.
- ^ "South Africa Church plans to amend marriage Canon – ChurchNewspaper.com". churchnewspaper.com. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
- ^ "Provincial Synod resumes debate on human sexuality – Anglican Church of Southern Africa". anglicanchurchsa.org. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
- ^ Paulsen, David (3 August 2022). "Bishops who support full LGBTQ+ inclusion release statement from Lambeth Conference". Episcopal News Service. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Bishops in Southern Africa agree to prayers but not blessings for same-sex couples". www.churchtimes.co.uk. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
- ^ Paulsen, David (6 March 2023). "Southern Africa bishops OK prayers for same-sex couples, won't offer blessings, marriage". Episcopal News Service. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
- ^ "Bishops in Southern Africa agree to prayers but not blessings for same-sex couples". www.churchtimes.co.uk. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
- ^ "South Africa: Anglican Bishops to Publish Prayers for Same-Sex Couples". Anglican Church of Southern Africa. 8 March 2023. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- ^ "South Africa". World Council of Churches. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
- ^ Harrison, Rebecca; Seakamela, Itumeleng (24 October 2006). "Jesus supports gay rights, say S.African Anglicans". Reuters UK. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
- ^ "Church split over homosexuality would be a failure – Welby". BBC News. 11 January 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
- ^ "Global South Letter to the Crown Nominations Commission" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
- ^ "Anglican Church of Southern Africa completes Adoption of Anglican Covenant". anglicannews.org. 4 October 2013. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
- ^ Nopece, Bethlem (9 November 2003). "Statement by Bishop Bethlehem Nopece Following Consecration of Gay Bishop". pechurchnet.co.za. Archived from the original on 9 December 2003. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
- ^ "GAFCON Movement Spreads through Regional Fellowships of Confessing Anglicans" (PDF), Courage, vol. 1, no. 24, Church of Uganda, 7 September 2009
- ^ Doveton, Dave (December 2013). "Gafcon reflections". Iindaba – Gazette of the Diocese of Port Elizabeth. Archived from the original on 25 February 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
- ^ Conger, George (20 June 2018). "GAFCON III largest pan-Anglican gathering since Toronto Congress of 1963".
- ^ "GAFCON 3 in Jerusalem, Iindaba, August 2018" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 September 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
Sources
- Germond, Paul (1997). Aliens in the Household of God: Homosexuality and Christian Faith in South Africa. New Africa Books. ISBN 9780864863300.
- Church of the Province of Southern Africa (1989). An Anglican Prayer Book. Collins Liturgical Publications. ISBN 978-0-00-599180-0.
- Hefling, Charles (2006). "Introduction: Anglicans and Common Prayer". In Hefling, C.; Shattuck, C. (eds.). The Oxford Guide to The Book of Common Prayer : A Worldwide Survey. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-972389-8.
- ISBN 978-0-19-972389-8.
- Jones, Alan (1 May 2006). Common Prayer on Common Ground: A Vision of Anglican Orthodoxy. Church Publishing, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8192-2666-2.
- Johnson, Maxwell E. (2006). "The Apostolic Tradition". In Wainwright, Geoffrey; Westerfield Tucker, Karen B. (eds.). The Oxford History of Christian Worship. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 9780195138863.
Further reading
- Elphick, Richard; Davenport, Rodney, eds. (1997). Christianity in South Africa: A Political, Social, and Cultural History. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20940-4.
- ISBN 0-281-02277-1.
- Neill, Stephen (1977). Anglicanism (Revised ed.). London: Mowbrays. ISBN 0264663527.
- Page, B. T. (1947). The harvest of good hope. London: SPCK.