Aniba rosaeodora

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Brazilian rosewood
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Laurales
Family: Lauraceae
Genus: Aniba
Species:
A. rosodora
Binomial name
Aniba rosodora
Synonyms[2]

Aniba duckei Kosterm.

Aniba rosaeodora, also known as pau-rosa, is a species of

Magnoliid tree in the family Lauraceae. Often confused as rosewood, the plant doesn't grow on any tree of the genus Dalbergia.[3] It grows in parts of the tropical rainforest of South America. It is an endangered species that is exploited due to its essential oil.[4]

Description

Aniba rosodora grows in the tropical rainforests of South America. It is found in the Brazilian states of Amapá, Amazonas, and Pará.[4] It is also found in Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, and French Guiana, where it was formerly more widespread.[1] It is massive, up to 30 meters in height and 2 meters in diameter, and evergreen. The entire tree is fragrant. Substances in the tree include linalool[4] and rubranine.[5] The flowers are perfect, with temporal dioecy. The fruit is a purple drupe dispersed by toucans.[6]

It has 24 chromosomes.[7] Gene flow is high between wild populations.[6]

Uses

Structure of linalool, a substance extracted from A. rosodora

The plant is one of the commercially important sources of

chipped and then steam distilled. Each tree yields about 1% oil by weight of wood. Most worldwide production comes from Brazil; since the 1960s, other areas produce only a minor, insignificant amount. Trees are taken from near the Amazon and its tributaries.[4]

The

indigenous peoples of the Amazon basin for the purposes of making canoes, but this is a minor use. In addition, old chips are used as fuel to run the distilleries. The Aniba rosodora is known as Pau-Rosa in Brazil. The supply of this wood was greatly overused in the past and it now is as difficult to legally trade as elephant ivory.[4]

Conservation

Aniba rosodora is an endangered species. Populations have declined rapidly due to the destructive harvesting methods. Areas previously logged have not seen much regrowth.[1] It might even be critically endangered.[8] Wild populations exist in remote locations, which are hence unlikely to be exploited.[1]

The

Official list of endangered flora of Brazil.[11]

See also


References

  1. ^
    The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T33958A88301381. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T33958A88301381.en
    . Accessed 17 December 2022.
  2. ^ "Name - Aniba rosaeodora Ducke". Tropicos, presented by Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
  3. ^ "Aniba rosaeodora". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
  4. ^
    ISBN 92-5-103648-9. Retrieved 2011-03-14. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help
    )
  5. .
  6. ^ a b Santos, Ronaldo Pereira; Spironello, Wilson Roberto; Sampaio, Paulo de Tarso Barbosa. "Genetic diversity in rosewood saplings (Aniba rosaeodora ducke, Lauraceae): an ecological approach" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-03-14.
  7. ^ Contim, Luis Antônio Serrão; de Carvalho, Carlos Roberto; Martins, Franciele Alline; de Freitas, Danival Vieira. "Nuclear DNA content and karyotype of Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora)" (PDF). Genetics and Microbiology. Brazilian Society of Genetics. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
  8. ^ "Aniba rosaeodora Ducke". Tropicos, presented by Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
  9. ^ "Appendices I, II and III". Convention on Internationational Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Archived from the original on 28 January 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
  10. PMID 25202581
    .
  11. ^ "Lista oficial de espécies da flora brasileira ameaçada de extinção (Official list of endangered flora of Brazil" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources. 1992-04-03. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-14.