Anker Jørgensen
Anker Jørgensen | |
---|---|
K. B. Andersen | |
Succeeded by | Henning Christophersen |
Personal details | |
Born | Anker Henrik Jørgensen 13 July 1922 Copenhagen, Denmark |
Died | 20 March 2016 Copenhagen, Denmark | (aged 93)
Political party | Social Democrats |
Spouse |
Ingrid Pedersen
(m. 1948; died 1997) |
Children | 4 |
Military service | |
Allegiance | Denmark |
Branch/service | Royal Danish Army |
Years of service | 1943 |
Unit | Guard Hussar Regiment |
Battles/wars | World War II |
Anker Henrik Jørgensen (13 July 1922 – 20 March 2016) was a Danish politician who served at various times as
He led or represented the Social Democratic Party for well over 30 years. His legacy is ambivalent. Politically, he is considered by many right wing followers to have been largely unsuccessful, having failed to mitigate the impact of the economic crisis of the 1970s and 1980s. Nonetheless, he is generally respected and even loved throughout Denmark for his personal integrity and down-to-earth personality, often exemplified by his refusal to move into the official prime minister residence Marienborg, preferring to stay with his wife in their small apartment in a working class area of Copenhagen.[1]
While he has been described as not having the image of a strong or visionary leader, during his terms as prime minister he managed to maintain wide support for the Danish welfare state.[2] In 1990, he was chosen to travel to Iraq to negotiate the release of a group of Danish hostages with Saddam Hussein.[3][4]
Background
Anker Henrik Jørgensen was born on 13 July 1922 to Johannes Albert Jørgensen and Maria Jørgensen, who both died of
He served his conscription period in 1943, at the Guard Hussar Regiment Mounted Squadron in Næstved. He was part of the fighting when the barracks was attacked by the Germans during Operation Safari. After being repatriated, Anker Jørgensen then joined the resistance in Copenhagen.[7]
Political career
Early politics
He began his political career early, and in 1950 he became a member of a
As a member of parliament he was responsible for labour related issues. He located himself on the left wing of the Social Democratic party, speaking out for unskilled workers and the jobless, and criticised the leadership of Parliamentary group leader Per Hækkerup. He also gained attention for his vocal critique of American engagement in Vietnam. Before the 1972 referendum about whether Denmark should join the European Economic Community (ECC), he went against the stated interest of his own labour union, arguing for a yes.[2]
Prime Minister
A day after the EEC referendum, Jørgensen succeeded
After just over a year in opposition, he returned as prime minister with a Social Democratic
For the rest of his period in office, he led again led a Social Democrat minority government. Unable to muster support for tax increases and spending cuts, he stepped down as prime minister without calling an election on 10 September 1982, ceding the premiership to the Conservative leader Poul Schlüter. He did, however, remain as leader of the Social Democrats until his resignation in 1987 when he was succeeded by Svend Auken. He remained as a member of parliament until 1994.[6]
Throughout his time in office, he showed strong leadership - guiding Denmark into the EEC and further developing Denmark’s social and welfare systems - but his policies also created a huge state budget deficit, which was compensated for by large state loans, increasing the Danish state debt substantially. Numerous cuts were introduced to counteract this.[10]: 314
Nevertheless, a wide range of progressive social reforms were introduced during Jørgensen's time as prime minister. A new Social Assistance Act introduced in 1975 simplified administration, provided new types and (in general) substantially higher benefits, together with new criteria for granting benefits. The New Basic Education Act of June 1975 introduced 9-year general, basic education with optional 10th year and pre-school class, and also established the comprehensive principle for basic education. The National Holiday Act of April 1979 extended the obligatory number of holidays to 30 days. Under the law on entitlement to unemployment benefits of June 1976, the permanently self-employed became entitled to membership in unemployment funds, and consequently to unemployment benefits. The Severance Pay Act of November 1978 introduced pre-retirement remuneration which provided unemployment benefits (for those between the ages of 58 and 66) in cases of voluntary retirement. Under the Job Offer Scheme introduced in June 1980, unemployment benefit entitlement for long-term unemployed persons could not be lost without an offer of a new job. A March 1975 law on regulation of housing conditions improved tenant conditions, while the Work Injury Insurance Act of March 1978 provided equality for widows and widowers.[10][page needed]
Later ventures
He was President of the Nordic Council in 1986 and 1991, and was also head of the Danish delegation to the council during the same terms.
Jørgensen was elected "Dane Of The Year" in 1990 in a survey conducted by Danish Gallup for
He was an Honorary President of the Socialist International.[12]
He died on 20 March 2016, aged 93 after suffering natural causes in Copenhagen.[1] His funeral was held on 2 April 2016.[13]
Personal life
In 1948, he married Ingrid Kvist Pedersen (17 August 1922 – 18 October 1997) whom he remained married to until her death from
Awards
- 1970 Poul Henningsen prize, PH-prisen[14]
- 1974 Received the Mathildepris by the Danish Women's Association
- 1991 Received the Drassows Legat[15]
- 1993 Received the Jytte-prize[16]
- 1994 Received the Cultural prize by the Danish Confederation of Trade Unions
- 2007 Tribute album De største er de små - sange til Anker [The Small Ones are the Greatest – Songs for Anker] by various artists.[17]
- 2007 Honorary member of the Social Democratic Youth of Denmark
Bibliography
- Fra mine dagbøger, 1989-1990. ISBN 87-557-1544-3
- 1972-1975: Bølgegang
- 1975-1977: I smult vande
- 1978-1982: Brændingen
- Fra Christianshavn til Christiansborg : erindringer 1922-1972 / Anker Jørgensen, Fremad, 1994. ISBN 87-557-1832-9
References
- ^ a b "Anker Jorgensen, Danish Prime Minister Who Opposed Vietnam War, Dies at 93". The New York Times. 21 March 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
- ^ a b c Rasmussen, Uffe (20 March 2016). "Anker Jørgensen" (in Danish). Gyldendal. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ^ Fisher, Marc (6 November 1990). "Former West German chancellor seeks hostage release in Iraq". The Washington Post. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
- ^ Williams Jr, Nick B. (24 November 1990). "Hostage Bazaar Draws a Crowd in Baghdad". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
- ^ "Anker Jørgensen er død" (in Danish). DR. 20 March 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
- ^ a b c d Laursen, Johnny (15 August 2011). "Anker Jørgensen 1922-2016" (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ^ a b "NEKROLOG: Hele Danmarks Anker er død". Dagbladet Information (in Danish). 20 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ^ Malmdorf Laugesen, Maria (13 July 2012). "Anker - fra komplet idiot til kært folkeeje" (in Danish). DR. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ^ Holst, Niels (20 March 2016). "Anker Jørgensen er død". Politiken (in Danish). Retrieved 22 March 2016.
- ^ ISBN 3110111306.
- ^ "Ugens gallup" (PDF). Kantar Gallup (in Danish). December 1990. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
- ^ "Anker Jørgensen 1922-2016". Socialist International.
- ^ Junker, Susanne (2 April 2016). "Sådan sagde Danmark farvel til Anker Jørgensen". DR. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
- ^ "PH-Prisen" (in Danish). Litteraturpriser.dk. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
- ^ "Drassows Legat" (in Danish). Litteraturpriser.dk. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
- ^ Rude, Mette Marie (21 November 2007). "Årets Jytte-pris uddelt" (in Danish). B.dk. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
- ^ Poulsen, Jan Opstrup (1 May 2007). "Diverse kunstnere De Største Er De Små – Sange Til Anker" (in Danish). Gaffa.dk. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
External links
- Anker Jørgensen fansite Archived 2 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- "Plads til os alle" profile
- Jørgensen, Anker Henrik at Leksikon.org