Nefermaat

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Ankhreshet
)

Nefermaat I
Nfr-m3ˁt
justice is beautiful[1]
nfrU4
t
A stele from the University of Chicago. The top layer depicts Nefermaat. The middle depicts his wife Itet seated, behind her an unknown child (top) and Ankherfenedjef (bottom). The bottom layer depicts four more of their children, from left to right, Wehemka, an unknown child, Ankhersheretef, and Nebkhenet.
A stele from the University of Chicago. The top layer depicts Nefermaat. The middle depicts his wife Itet seated, behind her an unknown child (top) and Ankherfenedjef (bottom). The bottom layer depicts four more of their children, from left to right, Wehemka, an unknown child, Ankhersheretef, and Nebkhenet.
Resting placemastaba 16, Meidum
Occupation(s)vizier
royal seal bearer
prophet of Bastet
SpouseItet
ChildrenVizier Hemiunu; several others
Parent(s)Sneferu and unknown wife

Nefermaat I (fl. c. 2575–2551 B.C.) was an ancient Egyptian prince, a son of king Sneferu. He was a vizier possessing the titles of the king's eldest son,[2] royal seal bearer, and prophet of Bastet. His name means "Maat is beautiful" or "With perfect justice".

Biography

Nefermaat was the eldest son of Sneferu, the king and founder of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt and his first wife. He was a half-brother of Khufu. Nefermaat's wife was Itet, also spelled as Atet. Fifteen of Nefermaat's offspring are named in his tomb, sons Hemiunu, Isu, Teta, Khentimeresh and daughters Djefatsen and Isesu are depicted as adults, while sons Itisen, Inkaef, Serfka, Wehemka, Shepseska, Kakhent, Ankhersheretef, Ankherfenedjef, Buneb, Shepsesneb and Nebkhenet and daughter Pageti are shown as children. His son Hemiunu is probably identical with vizier Hemiunu, who was believed to have helped plan the Great Pyramids.

One of Nefermaat's sisters, Nefertkau had a son also called Nefermaat.[3]

Tomb

Tomb of Nefermaat in Meidum

Nefermaat was buried in mastaba 16 at Meidum. He was one of several relatives of Pharaoh Sneferu, who was buried in Meidum. The tomb is known for the special technique used for drawing the scenes. Sculptors carved deeply incised images that then were filled with colored paste. This method was labor-intensive because the paste tended to dry, crack, and then fall out.[4] The technique results in vividly colored scenes. This tomb is the only one known to date showing this technique. The fact that later, the plaster cracked and resulted in the loss of the paste, likely led to craftsmen abandoning this type of decoration.[5]

Nefermaat's tomb is famous for the scene referred to as the "Meidum Geese" (now in the

LiveScience, suggested that the painting could be a nineteenth-century forgery, possibly made by Vassalli.[7][6] Tiradritti's claims were promptly dismissed by Zahi Hawass and other Egyptian authorities.[6][8]

A 2021 research paper[9] used a biodiversity indicator called the 'Tobias Criteria[10]' to assess the 'Meidum Geese[11]" to see if these geese match with the species they have been identified as depicting. While Greylag and Greater white-fronted geese were consistent with their respective images, Red-breasted geese was a mismatch according to the analysis. Reasons to account for these differences could be due to either: artistic/cultural license; the depiction being a blend of different animals; or is an accurate depiction of an animal that no longer exists. Of these reasons, the study considered other realistic animal art from the Chapel of Itet[12][13][14] (waterfowl, dogs, jackal, leopard, antelope) that are also identifiable to species-level, and suggested it possible the geese painted with red-coloured breast regions may be an unknown extinct goose species.[15][16][17] A 2022 study found them to be within the plumage variation range and artistic licence for red-breasted geese.[18]

References

  1. ^ Hermann Ranke: Die ägyptischen Personennamen. Verlag von J. J. Augustin in Glückstadt, 1935., p. 196
  2. ^ Nefermaat page from digitalegypt (University College London)
  3. , pp.52-53, 56-61
  4. ^ The Egyptian Museum in Cairo: a walk through the alleys of ancient Egypt, by Farid Atiya, Abeer El-Shahawy, Farid S. Atiya, page 71
  5. ^
  6. ^ a b c El-Aref, Nevine (9 April 2015). "Controversy over the Meidum Geese". Al-Ahram Weekly. Cairo. Archived from the original on 18 February 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  7. LiveScience
    . Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  8. ^ Hawass, Zahi (9 April 2015). "The Meidum Geese Are Not A Fake". Dr. Zahi: The Man with the Hat. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  9. S2CID 233592524
    .
  10. .
  11. ^ "Facsimile Painting of Geese, Tomb of Nefermaat and Itet". www.metmuseum.org. Archived from the original on 26 July 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
  12. ^ Petrie, W. M. Flinders (William Matthew Flinders); Griffith, F. Ll (Francis Llewellyn) (1892). Medum. Cornell University Library. London, D. Nutt.
  13. ^ "tomb-painting | British Museum". The British Museum. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
  14. ^ "tomb-painting | British Museum". The British Museum. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
  15. .
  16. ^ GrrlScientist. "The 'Mona Lisa' Of Ancient Egyptian Art Depicts Extinct Goose". Forbes. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
  17. ^ "It Turns Out That an Ancient Painting Known as 'Egypt's Mona Lisa' Actually Depicts an Extinct Breed of Goose". Artnet News. 25 February 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
  18. .