Annie Get Your Gun (musical)
Annie Get Your Gun | |
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Productions | List
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Awards | 1999 Tony Award for Best Revival |
Annie Get Your Gun is a
The 1946 Broadway production was a hit, and the musical had long runs in both New York (1,147 performances) and London, spawning revivals, a 1950 film version and television versions. Songs that became hits include "There's No Business Like Show Business", "Doin' What Comes Natur'lly", "You Can't Get a Man with a Gun", "They Say It's Wonderful", and "Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better)".
History and background
Dorothy Fields had the idea for a musical about Annie Oakley to star her friend Ethel Merman. Producer Mike Todd turned the project down, so Fields approached a new producing team, Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II. After the success of their first musical collaboration, Oklahoma!, Rodgers and Hammerstein had decided to become producers of both their own theatrical ventures and those by other authors.[2] They agreed to produce the musical and asked Jerome Kern to compose the music; Fields would write the lyrics, and she and her brother Herbert would write the book.[2] Kern, who had been composing for movie musicals in Hollywood, returned to New York on November 2, 1945, to begin work on the score to Annie Get Your Gun, but three days later, he collapsed on the street due to a cerebral hemorrhage.[3] Kern was hospitalized, and he died on November 11, 1945.[4] The producers and Fields then asked Irving Berlin to write the musical's score; Fields agreed to step down as lyricist, knowing that Berlin preferred to write both music and lyrics to his songs.[5] Berlin initially declined to write the score, worrying that he would be unable to write songs to fit specific scenes in "a situation show".[5] Hammerstein persuaded him to study the script and try writing some songs based on it, and within days, Berlin returned with the songs "Doin' What Comes Naturally", "You Can't Get a Man With a Gun", and "There's No Business Like Show Business".[6] Berlin's songs suited the story and Ethel Merman's abilities, and he readily composed the rest of the score to Annie Get Your Gun.[5][7] The show's eventual hit song, "There's No Business Like Show Business", was almost left out of the show because Berlin mistakenly got the impression that Richard Rodgers did not like it.[8] In imitation of the structure of Oklahoma! a secondary romance between two of the members of the Wild West Show was added to the musical during its development.[9]
According to some sources, the role of Annie was originally offered to Mary Martin, who turned it down. This is not true. Dorothy Fields went to the hospital after Merman gave birth to her son to ask her if she would do the show. The show was conceived for Merman, but when time came to send out the post-Broadway national tour and Merman was unwilling to do it, Martin jumped at the chance, going on the road for approximately two years and belting out the songs, which had the effect of lowering her voice from its normal lyric-coloratura range to mezzo-soprano-alto.
For the 1999 revival, Peter Stone revised the libretto, eliminating what were considered insensitive references to American Indians, including the songs "Colonel Buffalo Bill" and "I'm An Indian Too".[10] Stone said, "The big challenge is taking a book that was wonderfully crafted for its time and make it wonderfully crafted for our time... It was terribly insensitive...to Indians.... But it had to be dealt with in a way that was heartfelt and not obvious... In this case, it was with the permission of the heirs. They're terribly pleased with it."[11] Stone also altered the structure of the musical, beginning it with "There's No Business Like Show Business" and presenting the musical as a "show within a show".[9]
Plot summary
Act I
When the traveling
While waiting for the match to start, Annie meets Frank Butler and is instantly smitten with him, not knowing he will be her opponent. When she asks Frank if he likes her, Frank explains that the girl he wants will "wear satin... and smell of cologne" ("The Girl That I Marry"). The rough and naive Annie comically laments that "You Can't Get a Man with a Gun". At the shooting match, Annie finds out that Frank is the "big swollen-headed stiff" from the Wild West show. She wins the contest, and Buffalo Bill and Charlie Davenport, the show's manager, invite Annie to join the Wild West Show. Annie agrees because she loves Frank even though she has no idea what "show business" is. Frank, Charlie, and Buffalo Bill explain that "There's No Business Like Show Business".
Over the course of working together, Frank becomes enamored of the plain-spoken, honest, tomboyish Annie and, as they travel to
As Annie and Frank prepare for the show, Frank plans to propose to Annie after the show and then ruefully admits that "My Defenses Are Down". When Annie performs her trick and becomes a star, Chief Sitting Bull adopts her into the Sioux tribe ("I'm An Indian Too"). Hurt and angry, Frank walks out on Annie and the show, joining the competing Pawnee Bill's show.
Act II
Returning to New York from a tour of Europe with the Buffalo Bill show, Annie learns that the show has gone broke. Sitting Bull, Charlie, and Buffalo Bill plot to merge Buffalo Bill's show with Pawnee Bill's as they believe that show is doing well financially. Annie, now well-dressed and more refined and worldly, still longs for Frank ("I Got Lost in His Arms").
At a grand reception for Buffalo Bill's troupe at the Hotel Brevoort, Pawnee Bill, Dolly, and Frank also plot a merger of the two companies, assuming Buffalo Bill's show made a fortune touring Europe. When they all meet, they soon discover both shows are broke. Annie, however, has received sharpshooting medals from all the rulers of Europe worth one hundred thousand dollars, and she decides to sell the medals to finance the merger, rejoicing in the simple things ("I Got the Sun in the Mornin'"). When Frank appears, he and Annie confess their love and decide to marry, although with comically different ideas: Frank wants "some little chapel", while Annie wants "A wedding in a big church with bridesmaids and flower girls/ A lot of ushers in tail coats/ Reporters and photographers" ("An Old-Fashioned Wedding"o). When Annie shows Frank her medals, Frank again has his pride hurt. They call off the merger and the wedding, but challenge each other to one last shooting match to decide who is the best shot.
On the ferry to the Governors Island match site, Dolly attempts to ruin Annie's chances by tampering with her guns. She is caught and stopped by Sitting Bull and Charlie. However, they then decide to follow through with Dolly's plan so that Annie will lose the match, knowing that would soothe Frank's ego allowing the two to reconcile and the merger to take place.
As the match is ready to begin, Annie and Frank's egos come out again with each claiming they are better than the other ("Anything You Can Do"). Sitting Bull convinces Annie to deliberately lose the match to Frank, reminding her that she "can't get a man with a gun." That done, Frank and Annie finally reconcile, deciding to marry and merge the shows.
Notes:
- This description is based on the 1966 revised book.
- In the 1999 book, Frank also deliberately misses his shots in the final match, which ends in a tie.
- o written for 1966 revision and included in 1999 Broadway Revival; not in the original production
- § omitted from the 1999 Broadway Revival
Notable casts
Character | Original Broadway[12]
(1946) |
Original West End[13]
(1947) |
First U.S. Tour[14]
(1947) |
First Broadway Revival[15]
(1958) |
Second Broadway Revival[16]
(1966) |
First West End Revival | Third Broadway Revival[17]
(1999) |
Second U.S. Tour[18]
(2000) |
Annie Get Your Gun – 2021 Outdoor Revival
(2021) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annie Oakley | Ethel Merman | Dolores Gray | Mary Martin | Betty Jane Watson | Ethel Merman | Suzi Quatro | Bernadette Peters | Marilu Henner | Gemma Sutton |
Frank Butler | Ray Middleton | Bill Johnson | Earl Covert | David Atkinson | Bruce Yarnell | Eric Flynn | Tom Wopat | Rex Smith
|
Joel Montague |
Dolly Tate | Lea Penman | Barbara Babington | Jean Cleveland | Margaret Hamilton | Benay Venuta | Maureen Scott | Valerie Wright | Susann Fletcher | Emma Crossley |
Buffalo Bill | William O'Neal | Ellis Irving | Jack Rutherford | James Rennie | Rufus Smith | Edmund Hockridge | Ron Holgate | George McDaniel | Leon Craig |
Chief Sitting Bull | Harry Bellaver | John Garside | Zachary A. Charles | Harry Bellaver | Harry Bellaver | Berwick Kaler | Gregory Zaragoza | Larry Storch | Karl Seth |
Tommy Keeler | Kenneth Bowers | Irving Davies | Tommy Wonder | Richard France | x[a] | x | Andrew Palermo | Eric Sciotto | Jordan Cunningham |
Charlie Davenport | Marty May | Hal Bryan | Donald Burr | Jack Whiting | Jerry Orbach | Matt Zimmerman | Peter Marx | Joe Hart | Matthew Atkins |
Winnie Tate | Betty Anne Nyman | Wendy Toye | Billie Worth | Rain Winslow | x | x | Nicole Ruth Snelson | Claci Miller | Charlotte O'Rourke |
Pawnee Bill | George Lipton | Edmund Dalby | Bern Hoffman | William LeMassena | Jack Dabdoub | Michael G. Jones | Ronn Carroll | Charles Goff | Robert Earl |
Notes
- ^ Characters Tommy Keeler and Winnie Tate were cut in both this production and the 1986 West End revival cast
Characters
- Annie Oakley—a sharpshooter in the Wild West show
- Frank Butler—the Wild West show's star
- Dolly Tate—Frank's flamboyant assistant; Winnie's sister (Charlie's sister in the 1966 version)
- Buffalo Bill—owner of the Wild West show
- Chief Sitting Bull—Sioux chief and holy man; Annie's protector
- Tommy Keeler§—knife-thrower in the Wild West show; Winnie's boyfriend; part Native American (not in the '66 version)
- Charlie Davenport—manager of the Wild West show
- Winnie Tate§—Dolly's sister; Tommy's girlfriend and his assistant in the knife-throwing act (not in the '66 version)
- Pawnee Bill—owner of a competing western show
- Foster Wilson—hotel owner
- Little Boy-show opens on him
- Annie's brothers and sisters: Jessie, Nellie, Little Jake, and Minnie (Minnie was written out of the 1999 revival[19])
Notes
- §Tommy and Winnie and their songs were written out of the film & 1966 revision. The 1999 revival restored their characters and songs.
Musical numbers
Original 1946 production
|
|
- Notes
- §: omitted from the 1950 film version
- "Let's Go West Again" was written by Berlin for the 1950 film but was not used. However, there are recordings by both Betty Hutton and Judy Garland.
- "Take It in Your Stride" was a solo for Annie written for the original production. It was replaced by a reprise of "There's No Business Like Show Business" when Merman found the number too difficult. It was recorded by Liz Larsen for the album Lost in Boston.
1999 revival
|
|
"An Old-Fashioned Wedding" was written by Berlin for the 1966 revision, sung by Annie and Frank, and was also included in the 1999 revival
Productions
Original productions
Annie Get Your Gun premiered on Broadway at the
The musical toured the U.S. from October 3, 1947, starting in
The show had its West End premiere on June 7, 1947, at the London Coliseum where it ran for 1,304 performances. Dolores Gray played Annie with Bill Johnson as Frank.
The first Australian production opened at His Majesty's Theatre in Melbourne on July 19, 1947. It starred Evie Hayes as Annie with Webb Tilton as Frank.
A French version,
1958 Broadway revival
The first Broadway revival was staged in 1958 at the New York City Center, directed by Donald Burr and produced by Jean Dalrymple, director of the NYCC Light Opera Company. This production opened on February 19, 1958, and ran until March 2, for 16 performances. Betty Jane Watson played the role of Annie with David Atkinson as Frank, Margaret Hamilton as Dolly, James Rennie as Chief Buffalo Bill, and Jack Whiting as Charles Davenport. Included in the cast was Harry Bellaver, reprising his original role of Chief Sitting Bull. The program didn't list the performer who was to play Annie, and instead a "to-be-announced" statement was substituted for the name. At the last minute, Watson signed for the role. Even the program for the second week of the two-week engagement didn't list her name, except as understudy; this was the first time in memory that a leading performer wasn't listed.[15]
1966 Broadway revival
The show had its second Broadway revival in 1966 at the Music Theater of
1973 Shady Grove Music Fair production
Jay Harnick directed a revival at the Shady Grove Music Fair starring Barbara Eden, John Bennett Perry and Sandra Peabody that ran from 1973 to 1974.[20]
1976 Mexican production
In 1976 a Spanish-language version was produced in Mexico City with the name of Annie es un tiro. It was directed by José Luis Ibáñez and starred by Mexican film star Silvia Pinal. The production was represented at the Teatro Hidalgo and was co starred by the actor and singer Manuel López Ochoa. The success of the production produced the first Spanish-language version of the musical's soundtrack.[21]
1977 Los Angeles Civic Light Opera production
In 1977, Gower Champion directed a revival for the Los Angeles Civic Light Opera starring Debbie Reynolds as Annie.[22] The Assistant Director was James Mitchell. Harve Presnell, Reynolds's former co-star in the 1964 film The Unsinkable Molly Brown, played Frank Butler. The cast featured Art Lund as Buffalo Bill, Bibi Osterwald as Dolly Tate, Gavin MacLeod as Charlie Davenport,[23] Peter Bruni as Foster Wilson, Don Potter as Pawnee Bill, and Manu Tupou as Sitting Bull.[24][25] The cast also included Trey Wilson and Debbie Shapiro. The production later toured various North American cities, but never ran on Broadway, its planned destination.
1986 UK tour and London revival
In 1986, a David Gilmore
1992 London revival
A short-lived London production ran at the Prince of Wales Theatre in the West End, starring Kim Criswell as Annie.
1999 Broadway revival
In 1999, a new production had its pre-Broadway engagement at the
This revival starred
This production had a revised book by Peter Stone and new orchestrations, and was structured as a "show-within-a-show", set as a Big Top travelling circus. "Frank Butler" is alone on stage and Buffalo Bill introduces the main characters, singing "There's No Business Like Show Business", which is reprised when "Annie" agrees to join the traveling Wild West show. The production dropped several songs (including "Colonel Buffalo Bill", "I'm A Bad, Bad Man", and "I'm an Indian Too"), but included "An Old-Fashioned Wedding". There were several major dance numbers added, including a ballroom scene.[34] A sub-plot which had been dropped from the 1966 revival, the romance between Winnie and Tommy, her part-Native-American boyfriend, was also included. In the 1946 production, Winnie was Dolly's daughter, but the 1966 &1999 productions she is Dolly's younger sister. In this version, the final shooting match between Annie and Frank ends in a tie.[35]
Notable replacements
While Peters was on vacation, All My Children star Susan Lucci made her Broadway debut as Annie from December 27, 1999, until January 16, 2000. Peters and Wopat left the show on September 2, 2000. Former Charlie's Angels star Cheryl Ladd made her Broadway debut as Annie on September 6, 2000, with Patrick Cassidy as Frank Butler. Country music singer Reba McEntire made her Broadway debut as Annie from January 26, 2001, to June 22, 2001, opposite Brent Barrett as Frank.[36] On June 23, 2001, former Wings star Crystal Bernard, who had been playing Annie in the national tour of Annie Get Your Gun, assumed the role of Annie in the Broadway production, with Tom Wopat returning as Frank Butler.[37]
2000 U.S. tour
The 1999 Broadway production, in a "slightly revised version", toured in a U.S. national tour starting in
2006 Prince Music Theater production
In 2006, the Prince Music Theater of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, revived the 1966 Lincoln Center Theater version for one month. This production starred Andrea McArdle (the original Annie of the 1977 Broadway musical Annie), Jeffrey Coon as Frank Butler, John Scherer as Charlie Davenport, Chris Councill as Buffalo Bill, Mary Martello as Dolly Tate, and Arthur Ryan as Sitting Bull. The production was well received by critics.[39] The production was directed by Richard M. Parison, Jr. and choreographed by Mercedes Ellington.[40]
2009 London revival
2010 Ravinia Festival concert
A concert staging of the original version of Annie Get Your Gun took place at the Ravinia Festival, Chicago from August 13–15, 2010 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Annie Oakley's birth. Directed by Lonny Price, the concert starred Patti LuPone as Annie, Patrick Cassidy as Frank and George Hearn as Buffalo Bill.[43] The concert received unanimously strong reviews, notably for LuPone and Price's direction.
Other major productions
Lucie Arnaz starred in a production in the summer of 1978 with Harve Presnell at the Jones Beach Theater in Nassau County, New York.[44] This was the first major production of the musical done in the New York area after the 1966 revival.
The Paper Mill Playhouse produced a well-reviewed production in June 1987 starring Judy Kaye as Annie and Richard White as Frank.[45]
In 2004, Marina Prior and Scott Irwin starred in an Australian production of the 1999 Broadway rewrite of the show.
In 2014 Carter Calvert and David Weitzer starred in a production that opened the Algonquin Arts Theatre's 2014-2015 Broadway Season. It was also the first show to be performed after the Algonquin underwent the task of installing new seating which had not been done since 1938.
In October 2015, a two night concert version was presented at the New York City Center Gala starring Megan Hilty (Annie Oakley) and Andy Karl (Frank Butler). The concerts are directed by John Rando, and the cast features Judy Kaye (Dolly Tate), Ron Raines (Buffalo Bill), Brad Oscar (Charlie) and Chuck Cooper (Pawnee Bill).[46][47]
In April 2023, a one night concert version was presented at
Film and television versions
In 1950,
In 1957, a production starring Mary Martin as Annie and John Raitt as Frank Butler was broadcast on NBC. In 1967, the Lincoln Center production described above, starring Ethel Merman and Bruce Yarnell, was broadcast on NBC. The Mary Martin version has been re-broadcast sporadically over the years, but the 1967 videotapes starring Ethel Merman have apparently been irretrievably lost. Only a video and audio clip of "I Got the Sun in the Mornin' (and the Moon at Night)" is known to exist,[48] as does an audio-only recording of the entire 90-minute show.[49]
Recordings
There are several recordings of the Annie Get Your Gun score, including:
- 1946 Original Broadway Cast: an original cast recording was released by Decca Records in 1946, featuring the cast of the original 1946 Broadway production. The principal stars were Ethel Merman and Ray Middleton. The album was added to the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1998.
- 1957 TV Cast: a recording based on the TV version shown in 1957, with Mary Martin and John Raitt.
- 1963 Studio Cast featuring Doris Day and Robert Goulet: not based on a theatre production.
- 1966 Broadway Revival Cast
- 1976 Spanish-language version with Mexican cast.
- 1986 1986 London Cast[29]
- 1991 Studio Cast: Kim Criswell (Annie), Thomas Hampson (Frank), Jason Graae (Tommy), Rebecca Luker (Winnie), David Garrison (Charlie), David Healy (Buffalo Bill), Alfred Marks (Sitting Bull), Gregory Jbara (Foster Wilson) Simon Green (Pawnee Bill), Peta Bartlett (Dolly), Kerry Potter, Hayley Spencer, Emma Long (Annie's sisters: Minnie, Jessie Nellie), Paul Keating (Annie's brother: Little Jake), Nick Curtis, Carey Wilson, Michael Pearn (Trainman, Waiter, Porter), Clare Buckfield (Small Girl), John McGlinn (Mac), Bruce Ogston (An Indian), Ambrosian Singers, London Sinfonietta, conducted by John McGlinn. Producer: Simon Woods; Balance Engineer: John Kurlander; Editor Matthew Cocker; Production Assistant: Alison Fox. Recorded July 1990, No 1 Studio, Abbey Road, London. CD: EMI CDC 7 54206 2.
- 1999 Broadway Revival Cast (Grammy Award)
Conductor John Owen Edwards along with JAY Records recorded the first-ever complete recording, with all musical numbers, scene change music and incidental music, of the show's score in the 1990s with Judy Kaye and Barry Bostwick. Christopher Lee had the role of Sitting Bull.[50]
Reception
The original Broadway production opened to favorable reviews. Critics unanimously praised Ethel Merman's performance as Annie Oakley, though some thought the score and book were not particularly distinguished. John Chapman of the
However, the show itself was greatly lauded by some critics: Vernon Rice of the New York Post proclaimed, "Irving Berlin has outdone himself this time. No use trying to pick a hit tune, for all the tunes are hits...Ethel Merman is at her lusty, free and easy best...She is now able to develop a consistent characterization and stay with it to the show's end. And when she opens her mouth to sing, she sings!"[51] William Hawkins of the New York World-Telegram said that Merman was "bright as a whip, sure as her shooting, and generously the foremost lady clown of her time" and asserted that the show itself was comparable to those of Rodgers and Hammerstein, proclaiming, "For verve and buoyancy, unslackening, there has seldom if ever been a show like it...the girls in Annie have the beauty and character of looks one associates with a Rodgers and Hammerstein show. And the production has in every way the distinction that has become their hallmark".[51]
Historians have viewed the show as inaccurate, citing among other reasons its portrayal of Annie as a loud, boisterous character, when in reality she had a quiet personality and did needlepoint in her spare time.[citation needed]
Redface
Native Americans have criticized the show's portrayal of Redface and promotion of cultural stereotypes. The song "I'm an Indian Too" is seen as particularly offensive; Annie sings that song after the character Sitting Bull adopts her into the Sioux tribe.
Native Americans did protest outside the New York theatre,[when?] as well as movie theaters, holding picket signs stating: "Don't See "Annie Get Your Gun". As a result of this reaction, many contemporary productions have omitted the song from their revivals, and the protests stopped.[52]
However, the Native American comedy group
Awards and nominations
- Mary Martin received a Special Tony Award in 1948 for "Spreading Theatre to the Country While the Originals Perform in New York" (1947-48 US Tour)[54]
1966 Broadway revival
Year | Award Ceremony | Category | Nominee | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1966 | Tony Award
|
Best Direction of a Musical | Jack Sydow | Nominated |
Best Choreography | Danny Daniels | Nominated |
1999 Broadway revival
Year | Award Ceremony | Category | Nominee | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1999 | Tony Award
|
Best Revival of a Musical | Won | |
Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical
|
Tom Wopat | Nominated | ||
Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical
|
Bernadette Peters | Won | ||
Drama Desk Award | Outstanding Revival of a Musical | Nominated | ||
Outstanding Actor in a Musical | Tom Wopat | Nominated | ||
Outstanding Actress in a Musical | Bernadette Peters | Won | ||
Grammy Award
|
Best Musical Show Album
|
Won | ||
2001 | Drama Desk Award | Special Award | Reba McEntire | Won |
Theatre World Award | Won |
2009 London revival
Year | Award Ceremony | Category | Nominee | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
2009 | Laurence Olivier Award
|
Best Musical Revival | Nominated |
Notes
- ^ A number of Internet sources claim that the musical is based on Walter Havighurst's book Annie Oakley of the Wild West, but the book was written in 1954, eight years after the musical was first produced.
- ^ a b Bloom and Vlastnik, p.13
- ^ Nolan, pp.164-65
- ^ Kern, p. 165
- ^ a b c Kantor and Maslon, p.223
- ^ Nolan, p.166
- ^ Nolan, pp.166-67
- ISBN 0-306-80207-4
- ^ a b Bloom and Vlastnik, p.14
- ^ Brantley, Ben. "Everything the Traffic Will Allow". The New York Times, March 4, 1999, p.E1
- Simonson, Robert. "Playbill On-Line's Brief Encounter with Peter Stone"Playbill.com, March 2, 1999
- ^ "Annie Get Your Gun – Broadway Musical – Original | IBDB". www.ibdb.com. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
- ^ "Credits for Annie Get Your Gun (London Production, 1947)". Ovrtur. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
- ^ "Annie Get Your Gun – Broadway Musical – Tour | IBDB". www.ibdb.com. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4422-3504-5.
- ^ The Broadway League. "Annie Get Your Gun – Broadway Musical – 1966 Revival | IBDB". www.ibdb.com. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
- ^ "Annie Get Your Gun – Broadway Musical – 1999 Revival | IBDB". www.ibdb.com. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
- ^ "Annie Get Your Gun – Broadway Musical – Tour | IBDB". www.ibdb.com. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
- ^ In the 1999 revival, Annie had three siblings rather than four.
- OCLC 327706994.
- ^ "RedTeatral.net: Annie Get Your Gun (Mexican version)". Archived from the original on August 27, 2018. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
- ^ "Debbie Reynolds biography" Archived May 14, 2010, at the Wayback Machine movies.yahoo.com, retrieved May 30, 2010
- ISBN 0-312-33776-0, pp. 264-265
- ^ "Los Angeles Civic Light Opera Show Archive, see 1977" Archived October 21, 2009, at the Wayback Machine broadwayla.org, retrieved May 31, 2010
- ^ "'Annie Get Your Gun' listing at Reynolds site" Archived July 9, 2011, at the Wayback Machine debbiereynoldsonline.com, retrieved May 31, 2010
- ^ "1986, Chichester Festival Theatre". www.cft.org.uk. Chichester, United Kingdom: Chichester Festival Theatre. Archived from the original on December 24, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^ a b c "Suzi Quatro Timeline". www.thecoverzone.com. Bristol, USA: Suzi Quatro Rocks - Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Mission. Archived from the original on November 5, 2009. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^ "Chronology of London Shows, The Guide to Musical Theatre, 1986". www.guidetomusicaltheatre.com. Accrington, United Kingdom: The Guide to Musical Theatre. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^ a b "Gramophone magazine, December 1986 issue, page 138, Stage and Screen section". Gramophone magazine. London, United Kingdom: Haymarket Media Group. Retrieved May 17, 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^
"The Divas Collection - Patti LuPone, AllMusic, Overview". www.allmusic.com. Ann Arbor, USA: Rovi Corporation. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^
"Songs from the Greatest Musicals - Various Artists, AllMusic, Overview". www.allmusic.com. Ann Arbor, USA: Rovi Corporation. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^ "'Annie Get Your Gun' Listing, 1992" Archived October 12, 2011, at the Wayback Machine floormic.com, accessed July 1, 2011
- ^ Ruhlmann, William."Review, 'Annie Get Your Gun', 1990 Studio Cast" allmusic.com, accessed July 1, 2011
- ^ Sommer, Elyse and Davidson, Susan."Review:Annie Get Your Gun", Curtain Up, January 10, 1999, and March 9, 1999
- ^ Kissel, Howard."Annie's’ High-Caliber Star Bernadette Peters Is Back On B’way To Get Her ‘Gun’ And Her Guy", New York Daily News, February 28, 1999
- ^ Jones, Kenneth. Reba, a New Force of Nature, Blows Out of Annie Get Your Gun June 22" Archived December 2, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, playbill.com, June 22, 2001
- ^ Jones, Kenneth."Crystal Bernard Wings Her Way Into Bway's Annie Get Your Gun June 23" Archived December 2, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, playbill.com, June 23, 2001
- ^ Article on 2000 tour "Henner, Smith Begin Revised Annie Get Your Gun Tour in Dallas July 25" Archived September 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine playbill.com, July 25, 2000
- ^ Dunleavey, Tim."Review" talkinbroadway.com, December 12, 2006
- ^ 2006 article on McArdle Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine playbill.com
- ^ Shenton, Mark.Horrocks and Ovenden to Star in Young Vic Revival of Annie Get Your Gun playbill.com, June 5, 2009
- ^ Billington, Michael Annie Get Your Gun review guardian.co.uk, October 18, 2009
- ^ Gans, Andrew."'They Say It's Wonderful': Patti LuPone Stars in 'Annie Get Your Gun' at the Ravinia Festival" Archived August 18, 2010, at the Wayback Machine playbill.com, August 13, 2010
- ^ "Theater History" Archived March 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine jonesbeachtheater.us, accessed April 16, 2011
- ^ Klein, Alvin."Theater; A Rip-Roaring 'Annie Get Your Gun'" The New York Times, May 31, 1987
- ^ Events nycitycenter.org, accessed October 27, 2015
- ^ Viagas, Ribert. "Megan Hilty Shows There's Still "No Business Like Show Business" in City Center's 'Annie Get Your Gun' Tonight!" Playbill, October 27, 2015
- ^ Ethel Merman in Annie Get Your Gun (1967) on YouTube
- ^ Annie Get Your Gun (1967 TV production) at entertainmentoutpost.com
- ^ " 'Annie Get Your Gun' Review" gramophone.net, December 1996, p. 143
- ^ a b c d e f g Suskin, 53-57
- ISBN 978-0-520-23377-5.
- ^ The 1491s,"I'm an Indian Too, YouTube
- ^ "1948 Tony Award Winners" broadwayworld.com, accessed June 26, 2011
References
- Bloom, Ken and Vlastnik, Frank (2004). Broadway Musicals: The 101 Greatest Shows of all Time. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. ISBN 1-57912-390-2
- Kantor, Michael, and ISBN 0-8212-2905-2
- Nolan, Frederick (2002). The Sound of Their Music: The Story of Rodgers and Hammerstein. Cambridge, Mass.: Applause Theatre and Cinema Books. ISBN 978-1-55783-473-7.
- Suskin, Stephen (1990). Opening Night on Broadway: A Critical Quotebook of the Golden Era of the Musical Theatre. New York: Schrimmer Books. ISBN 0-02-872625-1.
- Annie Get Your Gun plot summary & character descriptions from StageAgent.com
- The Judy Garland Online Discography "Annie Get Your Gun" pages.
- Listing at the RNH site Archived August 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- 1999 Revival at RNH Archived May 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- 'Annie Get Your Gun' Story, Cast, Scenes and Settings at guidetomusicaltheatre.com
- Atkinson, Brooks, "Annie Get Your Gun", Broadway Scrapbook, Theatre Arts, Inc., New York, 1947, pp. 235–240.
External links
- Annie Get Your Gun at the Internet Broadway Database
- Annie Get Your Gun (1957) (TV) at IMDb(Mary Martin)
- Annie Get Your Gun (1967) (TV) at IMDb(Ethel Merman)
- Curtain Up reviews from 2/8/01 and 3/9/99