Antandrus
Ἄντανδρος | |
Location | Altınoluk, Balıkesir Province, Turkey |
---|---|
Region | Troad |
Coordinates | 39°34′33″N 26°47′26″E / 39.57583°N 26.79056°E |
Type | Settlement |
Antandrus or Antandros (
Location
The geographer
Foundation
Conflicting traditions regarding the foundation of Antandrus circulated in antiquity. According to the
Finally, in the reign of
Excavation
Until recently, the site of Antandrus had only been subjected to a basic
History
The Lesbian city of Mytilene controlled extensive parts of the Troad in the Archaic period,[16] and so Alcaeus' reference to Antandrus may suggest interest in or control over the city by Mytilene at the turn of the 7th century.[17] Alternatively, the persistent early tradition of the city's Anatolian origins (e.g. in Alcaeus, Herodotus, Demetrius of Scepsis) may indicate that its Anatolian population remained independent of Mytilene until later in the 6th century BC;[18] the little archaeology which has been done on the site suggests Greek occupation at no earlier a date than this.[14]
The first event of which we hear in Antandrus' history is when in 512 BC
Their plan was to liberate the other cities also, which are known as the
mainland.
This importance is likewise attested by Xenophon later in the Peloponnesian War in 409 and 205 BC, and is perhaps reflected in Virgil's choice of the city as the place where Aeneas builds his fleet before setting off to Italy.[21] As late as the 14th century we hear of Antandrus being used by an Ottoman admiral to construct a large fleet of several hundred ships.[22] Having joined the Delian League in 427 BC, when Antandrus first appears in the Athenian tribute lists in 425/42BC, it has an assessment of 8 talents, again indicating the city's relative prosperity.[23]
In 411/10 BC Antandrus expelled its
After the
Archaeology
In 2018, archaeologists unearthed Pithos burials. The Antandrus necropolis served from the eighth century B.C. to the first century A.D.[34] Same year a stele was discovered, dating back to the 2nd century BC. It includes a statement related to the commendation of a commander, who was sent to Antandrus by the King of Pergamon Eumenes and his brother Attalus.[35] In 2021, new Pithos burials were discovered.[36] In 2022, tombs from the 3rd, 4th and 5th centuries BC were discovered.[37]
See also
References
- Historia Animalium519a16.
- ^ Strabo 13.1.51.
- ^ A map of the region is available at "Antandros Antik Kenti - Ulaşım Haritası | İletişim". Archived from the original on 2010-09-24. Retrieved 2011-01-23..
- Geographia5.2.5.
- ^ H.Kiepert, Zeitschrift d. Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin 24 (1889) 298f.
- ^ Cook (1973) 269-71. Cook provides the best summary of Antandrus' rediscovery in modern times.
- ^ Alcaeus fr. 337 Voigt ap. Strabo 13.51.1.
- ^ Herodotus 7.42.1, cf. Pomponius Mela 1.92.
- ^ Thucydides 8.108.3, Stephanus of Byzantium s.v. Ἄντανδρος: ἀπὸ Ἀντάνδρου τοῦ στρατηγοῦ Αἰολέων.
- Cimmerian Bosphorusknown as Κιμμερίς due to a period of Cimmerian conquest.
- ^ Demetrius of Scepsis fr. 33 Gaede ap. Strabo 13.51.1.
- s.v. Ἄντανδρος (9th century).
- ^ Herodotus 7.42.1, Virgil, Aeneid 3.5-6, cf. Ovid, Metamorphoses 13.626.
- ^ a b Cook (1973) 267-71.
- ^ [1] (Turkish). Archived November 15, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Carusi (2003) 21-44.
- ^ Alcaeus fr. 337 Voigt
- ^ Carusi (2003) 31.
- ^ Strabo 13.1.51
- ^ Thucydides 4.52.3 (trans. Rex Warner).
- ^ Xenophon, Hellenica 1.1.25-6, 2.1.10, Virgil, Aeneid 3.5-6.
- ^ P. Lemerle, L’émirat d’Aydin (1957) 96ff.
- ^ IG I3 71.III.125 (restored), IG I3 77.IV.15, Carusi (2003) 31-2.
- ^ Thucydides 8.108.4-5, Diodorus Siculus 13.42.4.
- ^ Xenophon, Hellenica 1.1.25-6. The expulsion is narrated in the penultimate paragraph of Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War. In the last paragraph before the manuscript breaks off mid-sentence, the Persian satrap Tissaphernes is protesting to the Peloponnesians for having supported the Antandrians (Thucydides 8.109.1); when Xenophon picks up the thread a year or so later, Antandrus has a Persian garrison once more.
- ^ Xenophon, Hellenica 1.1.26.
- ^ Xenophon, Anabasis 7.8.7. The Ten Thousand appear to have taken the same cross-country route from the Hellespont across Mount Ida to Antandrus as the Peloponnesian forces from Abydos did in 411/10 BC, perhaps suggesting an overland route here.
- ^ Xenophon, Hellenica 4.8.35. Himerius Or. 42.4 appears to attest the importance of Antandros to Agesilaos around this time.
- ^ Plassart (1921) 8, Cook (1988) 12.
- ^ C. Michel, Recueil d'inscriptions grecques no. 668.
- ^ B. V. Head, Historia Numorum2 541-2, SNG Cop. Troas 213-19.
- ^ B. V. Head, Historia Numorum 447, W. Wroth, BMC Troad, Aeolis and Lesbos XXXVI-XXXVII.
- ^ See the various versions of the Notitiae Episcopatuum Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae.
- ^ "Pithos burials found in Antandros". Hürriyet Daily News. September 24, 2018.
- ^ "Top 10 archaeological discoveries in 2018". Hürriyet Daily News.
- ^ "Pithos burials found in ancient Antandros". Hürriyet Daily News. August 1, 2021.
- ^ "Roman-era tombs found around ancient Antandros". Hürriyet Daily News. January 11, 2022.
Bibliography
- O. Hirschfeld, REI (1893) s.v. Antandros (1), col. 2346.
- A. Plassart, ‘Inscriptions de Delphes: la liste de théorodoques’ BCH 45 (1921) 1-85.
- J.M. Cook, The Troad (Oxford, 1973) 267-71.
- J.M. Cook, ‘Cities in and around the Troad’ ABSA 56 (1988) 7-19.
- C. Carusi, Isole e Peree in Asia Minore (Pisa, 2003) 31-2.
- S. Mitchell, 'Antandrus' in M.H. Hansen and T.H. Nielsen (eds.), An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis (Oxford, 2004) no. 767.
External links
- Media related to Antandros at Wikimedia Commons
- Altinoluk travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Antandrus (Altınoluk)
- Antandrus Ancient City