Assassination attempts on Benito Mussolini

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Anteo Zamboni
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Benito Mussolini, 1930

Italian Fascist leader Benito Mussolini survived several assassination attempts while head of government
of Italy in the 1920s and 1930s.

Tito Zaniboni

The former Socialist deputy Tito Zaniboni was arrested for attempting to assassinate Mussolini on November 4, 1925. In a hotel with a view unto

Palazzo Chigi, where Mussolini had planned to give a balcony speech, Zaniboni set up a rifle with telescopic sights. Shortly before his target appeared, however, Zaniboni was arrested. A friend and double agent had informed the police. Historians believe that the plot itself was engineered by the Mussolini administration as a pretext to consolidate power, which is what followed.[1][2] Mussolini's laws enacted in late 1925 enabled the suppression of any oppositional political organization.[3]

The

Italian army officer Luigi Capello was arrested in conjunction with the Zaniboni plot and received a 30-year prison sentence.[4] The author and labor organizer Carlo Tresca wrote a play and political satire in late 1925 based on the attempt, L'Attentato a Mussolini ovvero il segreto di Pulcinella (The Attempt on Mussolini or the Secret of Pulcinella).[1]

Zaniboni received a 30-year prison sentence, but was released in 1943 after the King dismissed Mussolini as prime minister, and was later named to government positions.[5]

Violet Gibson

The next year, on April 7, 1926,

Irish Lord Chancellor, was nearly lynched, later jailed, and spent the remainder of her life in an asylum.[6]

Gino Lucetti

Later in 1926, on September 11, anarchist marble worker Gino Lucetti threw a bomb at Mussolini's limousine in Porta Pia, Rome, which injured four others.[2]

Anteo Zamboni

The next month, on October 31, 1926, a shot fired at Mussolini, who rode in an open car through Bologna, led to the lynching of a 15-year-old boy. Terrorism specialist J. Bowyer Bell wrote that the boy was likely innocent and the affair either a put-up job or plot between Fascists. The attempt resulted in laws creating Mussolini's secret police.[2]

The attempt has been adapted into two films: the 1977 film

Gli ultimi tre giorni (The Last Three Days)[7] and the fictionalized 1973 film Love and Anarchy.[8] A street in Bologna is named after Zamboni.[9]

1930s plots

As

Italian Fascism became a stable institution, the potential murder of Mussolini became harder to attempt and offered less potential impact to destabilize his regime. In May 1931, American anarchist Michele Schirru was arrested and executed in Italy for plotting to kill Mussolini. The next month, Angelo Sbardellotto was arrested and executed for a similar plot.[2]

Gallery of would-be assassins

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-1-84935-043-3
    .
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-1-351-31542-5
    .
  3. ISBN 978-0-7190-3463-3
    .
  4. ISBN 978-1-135-50694-0
    .
  5. ^ "Zaniboni, Tito". Treccani. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2018.
  6. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived
    from the original on May 12, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2018.
  7. ISBN 978-1-903364-98-7
    .
  8. ISBN 978-1-905886-39-5
    .
  9. ISBN 978-88-7589-333-0
    . A Bologna ad Anteo Zamboni sono dedicate la via Mura Anteo Zamboni e una lapide.

Further reading
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