Anthropological criminology
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Anthropological criminology (sometimes referred to as criminal anthropology, literally a combination of the study of the
History
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Italian school
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Mugshot and fingerprinting
On the other hand,
Social Darwinism
The theory of anthropological criminology was influenced heavily by the ideas of
Theory
In the 19th century, Cesare Lombroso and his followers performed autopsies on criminals and declared that they had discovered similarities between the
Lombroso outlined 14 physiognomic characteristics which he and his followers believed to be common in all criminals, some of which were (but are not limited to): unusually short or tall height; small head, but large face; fleshy lips, but thin upper lip; protuberances (bumps) on head, in back of head and around ear; wrinkles on forehead and face; large sinus cavities or bumpy face; tattoos on body; receding hairline; bumps on head, particularly above left ear; large incisors; bushy eyebrows, tending to meet across nose; large eye sockets, but deep-set eyes; beaked or flat nose; strong jaw line; small and sloping forehead; small or weak chin; thin neck; sloping shoulders, but large chest; large, protruding ears; long arms; high cheek bones; pointy or snubbed fingers or toes.[1]
Lombroso published several works regarding his work, L'Uomo Delinquente, L'Homme Criminel (The Criminal Man), The Female Offender (original titled Criminal Woman, the Prostitute, and the Normal Woman) and Criminal Man, According to the Classification of Cesare Lombroso.
Rejection
During Lombroso's life, British scientist Charles Buckman Goring (1870–1919) was also working in the same area, and concluded that there were no noticeable physiological differences between law-abiding people and criminals. Maurice Parmelee, seen as the founder of modern criminology in America, also began to reject the theory of anthropological criminology in 1911, which led to its eventual withdrawal from the field of accepted criminological research. (Source?)
Modern times
Despite general rejection of Lombroso's theories, anthropological criminology still finds a place of sort in modern criminal profiling. Historically (particularly in the 1930s) criminal anthropology had been associated somewhat with
Criminal anthropology, and the closely related study of Physiognomy, have also found their way into studies of
See also
- Biosocial criminology
- Criminal psychology
- Criminology
- Pathognomy
- Personology
- Phrenology
- Physiognomy
- Racial bias in criminal news
- Scientific racism
References
Bibliography
- Garbarino, M. Sociocultural Theory in Anthropology, (1977).
- Black, E. War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America's Campaign to Create a Master Race, (2003).