Anti-Chilean sentiment
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Anti-Chilean sentiment (Spanish: antichilenismo) or chilenophobia (
One of the historic causes of anti-Chilean sentiment is the perceived Chilean expansionism that took place during the 19th century when Chile won the War of the Pacific, a war declared by Bolivia after forming a secret alliance with Peru. The sentiment also applied to Chilean immigration in Argentina and the United States.
History
Despite no war erupting between the two nations, there have been elements of anti-Chilean sentiment in Argentina in the past and present.[
Another source of resentment are the substantiated accounts that Chile's Pinochet regime aided Britain during the latter's Falklands War victory over Argentina.[2][citation needed] In the 1990s, Chile's involvement in the Falklands war was only a source of speculation; however, it was highlighted in the Argentine tabloids when Margaret Thatcher visited Augusto Pinochet during his home detention in London in the late 1990s. Chile's involvement in the war unraveled when Thatcher acknowledged Pinochet for helping Britain win the war.[2]
In Bolivia, anti-Chilean sentiment is fueled by
In Peru, a strong anti-Chilean sentiment exists due to losing "a large chunk of its southern territory to Chile" in the War of the Pacific.[4]
Citizens of all three countries also believe they have been economically exploited by Chilean businesses over the last decade, which have taken over large market shares of various consumer businesses, especially retail (Cencosud, Falabella, Ripley) and banking.[citation needed]Ironically, Peruvian and Bolivian citizens constitute the bigger immigrant groups in Chile[5]
Outside of
Anti-Chilean terminology
In Argentina the word Chilote is the degrading term for Chileans,
In Peru and Bolivia, the word roto ("tattered") is used to refer disdainfully to Chileans. The term roto was first applied to Spanish conquerors in Chile, who were badly dressed and preferred military strength over intellect.[9] In modern usage, roto is an offensive term used to disparage the ill-mannered mentally-broken people or those whom the speaker wishes to associate with the ill-mannered.[10]
Rotos chilenos and Chilenos rotos later applied to "broken and impoverished" lower classes (generally peasants). The terms were first applied to Chileans during the War of the Confederation; specifically, Chilean soldiers received the name from Peruvian soldiers.[11] The term later became used by Chileans themselves in praise of the conscript soldiers of the Pacific War era, to indicate determination despite adversity.[11][12][13]
See also
References
- champagne into the Pacific.")
- ^ a b "Pinochet - Thatcher's ally". BBC. 22 October 1998. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
- ISBN 978-1-139-20868-0, retrieved 10 November 2020
- ^ Lopez, Edison (16 January 2008). "Peru disputes boundary with Chile". USA Today. Lima, Peru. Associated Press.
There is strong anti-Chilean sentiment in Peru because the country lost a large chunk of its southern territory to Chile in a war in 1879.
- ^ "Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional | SIIT | Chile y la migración: Los extranjeros en Chile".
- ^ "The Gold Rush", American Experience, PBS
- )
- S2CID 154285881,
lingering racial stereotypes and derogatory terms (chilote) hindered full assimilation
- ISBN 956-282-399-7.
- ^ "roto" at Diccionario de la Real Academia Española (in Spanish)
- ^ ISBN 978-0822340034. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
Roto had long been a derogatory term...
- ^ Plath, Oreste. Epopeya del "roto" chileno (in Spanish)
- ^ Gutiérrez, Horacio. Exaltación del mestizo: la invención del roto chileno (in Spanish)
External links
- Media related to Anti-Chilean sentiment at Wikimedia Commons