Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe
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Anti-communist insurgencies continued in Central and Eastern Europe after the end of World War II. They were suppressed by the Soviet Union and its satellite states. Prominent movements include:
- The Ukrainian Insurgent Army fought until they were defeated in 1956;
- The anti-Soviet Hungarian Revolution took place in 1956. Unlike the other movements given here, it was aimed against the domination of the Soviet Union, but not against the ideas of Socialism and Communism; Hungarian Communists were among the leaders of the revolution, and Béla Király, who commanded the National Guard in the revolution, described it as being held by the working class and put emphasis on the revolutionary workers' councils.[1]
- Baltic partisans known as the "Forest Brothers" fought until they were defeated in the early 1960s
- Romanian anti-communist resistance movement fought until they were defeated in 1962/68
- Polish "cursed soldiers" fought until they were defeated in 1963
- The Bulgarian "Goryani" fought until they were defeated in the early 1960s
- Croatian ultra-nationalist insurgents known as "Crusaders" fought until they were defeated in the early 1950s
- Chetniks fought until eradicated in the early 1950s.
- Belarusian Black Cats fought until they were defeated in the early 1950s;
- In Russia, former members of the Kaminski Brigade, a collaborationist militia that was later reorganized into an SS unit, and supporters of the so-called "Lokot Autonomy" reorganized RONA as a partisan movement and fought until 1951.[2][3]
In Poland
The "cursed soldiers" (Polish: Żołnierze wyklęci) is a name applied to a variety of Polish resistance movements that were formed in the later stages of World War II and afterward. Created by former members of the Polish underground resistance organizations of World War II, these organizations continued the struggle against the pro-Soviet government of Poland well into the 1950s. Their history and actions have been controversial, as they have been accused of anti-Semitism and mass murder.[4][5]
Most of these anti-communist groups ceased operations in the late 1940s or 1950s. However, the last known "cursed soldier",
In the Baltic states
The Forest Brothers (also: Brothers of the Forest, Forest Brethren; Forest Brotherhood; Estonian: metsavennad, Latvian: meža brāļi, Lithuanian: miško broliai) were Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian partisans who waged guerrilla warfare against Soviet rule during the Soviet invasion and occupation of the three Baltic states during, and after, World War II.[7] The
Resistance units varied in size and composition, ranging from individually operating guerrillas, armed primarily for self-defense, to large and well-organized groups able to engage significant Soviet forces in battle.
In Romania
An armed resistance movement against the
See also
References
- ^ Бела К. Кираи. 30 лет Венгерской революции
- ISBN 9785699059706.
Отдельные очаги сопротивления на Брянщине продолжали партизанскую войну до 1951 года, постепенно вырождаясь в бандгруппы... В бою с одной из таких групп при задержании её главаря был тяжело ранен начальник Комаричского отделения госбезопасности капитан Ковалёв.
- ISBN 9785880670734.)
Действуя мелкими разрозненными группами, повстанцы, тем не менее, причиняют серьезное беспокойство советским властям. <...> Однако изолированное от внешних сил повстанчество постепенно вырождается в бандитизм. Последняя крупная банда, действовавшая несколько лет, была ликвидирована в 1951 г. в деревне Лагеревка («Финляндия»).
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - ^ Barbara Engelking-Boni. Zagłada żydów:pamięć narodowa a pisanie historii w Polsce i we Francji. p. 195.
- ^ Krzysztof Pilawski (6 March 2011). "Kto zapłaci za zbrodnie podziemia". Tygodnik Przegląd (in Polish).
- ^ „Lalek” ostatni partyzant Rzeczypospolitej Archived October 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 9781780961637.
- ^ Ion Gavrilă Ogoranu, Brazii se frâng dar nu se îndoiesc, vol II, Editura Marineasa, Timișoara, 2001