Anti-Filipino sentiment

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A newspaper clipping from a 1899 Boston Sunday Globe, depicting a Black Filipino man before and after 'benevolent assimilation' by the United States upon the Philippines. The clipping portrays the transformation of the Filipino from a "barbaric" to "civilized" man.
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Anti-Filipino sentiment refers to the general dislike or hatred towards the Philippines, Filipinos or Filipino culture. This can come in the form of direct slurs or persecution, in the form of connoted microaggressions, or depictions of the Philippines or the Filipino people as being inferior in some form psychologically, culturally or physically.

Incidents by country

United States

The American colonization of the Philippines instigated the immigration of many Filipinos to America, either as pensionados, who came to further their education, or as laborers, who worked in Hawaiian plantations, California farms, and the Alaska fishing industry.[1]

Ethnic discrimination towards Filipinos in America was evident during the American colonial period in the Philippines. Filipino immigrants suffered from wider anti-Oriental prejudice present in America at the time, often confused with the Chinese and Japanese immigrants that had preceded them.

white Americans. They were accused of attracting white women which led to the passing of an anti-miscegenation law.[3] These interactions between Filipino men and white women were facilitated in part by the taxi dance halls, often visited by the migrant population, during the 1920s.[4][2] These were merely racial prejudices. Filipino immigrants in America were affected by various socio-economic factors. The majority of Filipino immigrants of that era were men. The gender ratio of Filipino males to females in California then was approximately 14 to 1. Filipino workers were forced to live in poor conditions since they were poorly paid.[5]

The first documented incident occurred on

Watsonville Riots, leading to the death of Fermin Tobera.[6][10] In Stockton's Little Manila, the Filipino Federation of America building was bombed.[11] In the context of these rising tensions, the government felt compelled to act. Firstly, at a regional level, as the state legislature of California declared Filipinos to be a threat to racial stability.[citation needed] Action at a national level followed in 1934, as Congress passed the Tydings-McDuffie Act.[12] This paved the way for the later independence of the Philippines and effectively halted large-scale Filipino migration to the United States.[13]

Nationality Act of 1940. Through the amendment, non-citizens who joined the military were given opportunity to attain citizenship. About ten thousand Filipinos became American citizens through the amendment.[15]

Hong Kong

During the 1970–80s, Hong Kong saw the rise of a Filipino population. Many of these Filipinos were working as domestic helpers.

Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong launched an advocacy that Filipinos were causing a significant rise in local unemployment in Hong Kong and costing billions in welfare treatment.[17]

Anti-Filipino sentiment in Hong Kong rose again after the

Hong Thai Bus was brutally, cruelly, violently and fatally besieged by a corrupt former Filipino police officer,[16] and where subsequent investigations found Filipino officials' handling of the hostage crisis to be directly responsible for the hostages' deaths.[17][18][19] Tensions eased after Cabinet Secretary Jose Rene Almendras and Joseph Estrada secretly went to Hong Kong to talk to officials and the victim's families.[20]

Chinese racism against Filipinos has intensified in the 21st century, especially in Chinese social media, where Chinese accounts have depicted the Filipinos as "gullible banana sellers and maids".[21]

Indonesia

In 2016, anti-Filipino sentiment existed within the Confederation of Indonesian Worker's Unions (KPSI) organization after the recent kidnappings of Indonesian citizens by Sulu-based terrorist group, Abu Sayyaf. A protest was held by a group of Indonesian protesters of KPSI when they gathered in front of the Philippine Embassy in Indonesia, holding banners that read "Go to hell Philippines and Abu Sayyaf" and "Destroy the Philippines and Abu Sayyaf" to demanding more action from the Philippine government to fighting terrorism in their country, which has since affected neighbouring countries.[22][23]

Persian Gulf

Racist attitudes towards foreign migrant workers, including Filipinos, are almost endemic in gulf Arab nations, where they are given very few human rights. For example, in 2019, a Filipina maid in Kuwait was killed by her employers and stored in a freezer. Due to the fact that this is one of many such incidents of rights abuses, a diplomatic spat ensued between the Philippines and Kuwait in which it banned Filipinos from working in the country until it enacted reforms.[24]

Malaysia

Sabah

See also: Cross border attacks in Sabah

The anti-Filipino sentiment is most notable in the state of

Sulu; a conflict originated from the atrocities committed during Ferdinand Marcos dictatorship in the 1970s under his Martial Law, which include massacres and abuses towards the Muslim community in Southern Mindanao.[34][35] Filipino refugees also feel trapped as the Malaysian government refused to grant citizenship to many such refugees, classifying them as a stateless people.[36]

Singapore

The estimated number of Filipinos working in Singapore tripled in the past decade to about 167,000, as of 2013, according to Philippines census data. Amid increasing general resentment towards foreigners, a backlash towards Filipinos has taken place in Singapore. In 2014, a plan to hold a Philippine Independence Day celebration on Singapore's main shopping street, Orchard Road, was cancelled following online complaints by some Singaporeans who said the space was special to locals. One blogger called the move "insensitive", saying: "Celebrating your Independence Day openly in the public (especially [at a] iconic/tourist location like Orchard Road) is provocative".[37][38]

Anti-Filipino sentiment has continued to swirl online, culminating in a blog titled "Blood Stained Singapore" suggesting ways to abuse Filipinos, calling them "an infestation". The suggestions, which included pushing Filipinos out of trains and threats to spray insecticide on them, eventually caused the blog to be taken down by Google for infringing content rules.[39][40]

Taiwan

See also:
2013 Guang Da Xing No. 28 incident

Anti-Filipino sentiment in Taiwan was noticeable in 2013, as a result of the Philippine Coast Guard killing a Taiwanese fisherman.[41] Subsequently, there was widespread discrimination towards Filipino workers with Taiwanese businesses, taking off any Filipino related products from their shelves and some shops refusing to welcome Filipino customers.[41][42] Sanctions placed by the Taiwanese government were removed after an official apology from the Philippine side was made.[43]

United Kingdom

See also: 2011 Stepping Hill Hospital poisoning incident

Following a poisoning incident at the Stepping Hill Hospital in 2011 by a Filipino nurse named Victorino Chua, the Daily Mail published an article with a headline of "NHS still hiring Filipino nurses", which was condemned by many organizations for 'singling out nurses from the Philippines for special criticism on the basis of one criminal case'.[44] Many Filipinos and British Filipinos criticized the response of the British media in general to the poisoning, stating that it was motivated by political convictions and an 'attempt to discredit public sector workers', including Filipino workers who were immigrants.[45]

Derogatory terms

There are a variety of derogatory terms referring to the

Filipinos. Many of these terms are viewed as racist
. However, these terms do not necessarily refer to Filipinos as a whole; they can also refer to specific policies or specific time periods in history.

Chinese

English

Malay

  • Pilak – literally meaning 'silver' or 'money' in
    BARMM of the Philippines.[26]

Spanish

See also

References

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    Meyers, Donald W. (18 September 2017). "It Happened Here: Mobs attack Filipinos in Lower Valley". Yakima Herald. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
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  15. ^ "Impact of World War II on Filipino Migrant Workers". Office of Multicultural Student Services, University of Hawai'i. Archived from the original on 12 December 2001. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  16. ^ a b Joohee Kim (21 October 2011). "Hong Kong Creates Opportunity for Filipino Migrant Workers". Berkley Center for Religion, Peace & World Affairs. Archived from the original on 15 October 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  17. ^ a b "Hong Kong and Anti-Filipino Sentiment". Asia Sentinel. Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  18. ^ "Filipinos facing harm in HK may run to gov't commission". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 27 August 2010. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  19. ^ "RP assured of safety of Filipinos in Hong Kong". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 26 August 2010. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  20. ^ "How Philippines, Hong Kong agreed on closure". ABS-CBN News. 24 April 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  21. ^ Huang, Echo; Stegar, Isabella (2016). A gullible nation of maids and banana sellers: How many Chinese see the Philippines (Report) – via Quartz News.
  22. ^ "Protest at Philippine Embassy in Jakarta as Hostage Crisis Worsens". Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on 30 July 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  23. ^ Natashya Gutierrez (14 July 2016). "'Go to hell Philippines': Indonesian workers ask Duterte to act on Abu Sayyaf kidnappings". Rappler. Archived from the original on 26 July 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  24. ^ "Employer of Filipina killed in Kuwait guilty of murder in Syria". Al Jazeera. 9 September 2019.
  25. ^ a b "Illegal immigrants causing simmering resentment in Sabah". The Malaysian Times. 22 August 2012. Archived from the original on 29 June 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
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  31. ^ Charlie Saceda (6 March 2013). "Pinoys in Sabah fear retaliation". Rappler. Archived from the original on 24 October 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2013.
  32. ^ Kanul Gindol (31 May 2014). "'Localised' illegal immigrants helping 'foreign' relatives in Sabah". The Ant Daily. Archived from the original on 3 June 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  33. ^ "RCI: Large amount spent on food, education, healthcare of illegal immigrants". New Straits Times. 3 December 2014. Archived from the original on 19 January 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
  34. ^ "No moving on from Marcos-era massacres and abuse, Bangsamoro group says". philstar.com. 26 August 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  35. ^ "Philippines rebel leader arrested". BBC News. 25 November 2001. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2015. Malaysia's Inspector-General of Police Norian Mai said Mr Misuari and six of his followers were arrested at 3.30 am on Saturday (1930 GMT Friday) on Jampiras island off Sabah state. Manila had ordered his arrest on charges of instigating a rebellion after the government suspended his governorship of an autonomous Muslim region in Mindanao, the ARMM. Although the Philippines has no extradition treaty with Malaysia, the authorities have already made clear that they intend to hand Mr Misuari over to the authorities in Manila as soon as possible. Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad had said before the arrest that, although his country had provided support to the rebel group in the past in its bid for autonomy, Mr Misuari had not used his powers correctly. "Therefore, we no longer feel responsible to provide him with any assistance," he said.
  36. ^ When States Prefer Non-Citizens over Citizens: Conflict over Illegal Immigration into Malaysia By Kamal Sadiq
  37. ^ Jake Maxwell Watts (22 April 2014). "Filipino Group Awakens Anti-Foreign Anger in Singapore". The World Street Journal. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  38. ^ "Celebration by Filipinos sparks wave of anti-immigrant abuse in Singapore". Agence France-Presse. South China Morning Post. 25 April 2014. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  39. ^ Tessa Wong (29 December 2014). "Unease in Singapore over Filipino workers". BBC News. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  40. ^ "Filipinos in Singapore drop IDay celebration plans after abuse". Agence France-Presse. Yahoo! News. 26 May 2014. Archived from the original on 14 October 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  41. ^ a b "Taichung City Government Labor Affairs Bureau Takes the Initiative in Caring for Filipino Workers, Calling on Residents of Taichung to Be Rational in Their Treatment of the City's Filipino Labor Force". Research, Development and Evaluation Commission of Taichung City Government. 29 May 2013. Archived from the original on 14 October 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2016. In recent days there has been a surge in anti-Filipino sentiment among Taiwanese citizens. This is following the Filipino government's handling of an event that saw a government vessel from that country fire upon, and kill, fishermen aboard the Guang Da Xing No. 28 fishing boat (廣大興28號) – leading to a succession of attacks on Filipino workers in counties and governments around Taiwan.
  42. ^ "Anti-Philippines sentiment spreads in Taiwan". CCTV News. 17 May 2013. Archived from the original on 14 October 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  43. ^ "Taiwan lifts Philippines sanctions after shooting apology". BBC News. 9 August 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  44. ^ Jessica Elgot (20 May 2015). "Daily Mail criticised for 'stereotyping' Filipino nurses after Chua murder case". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  45. ^ Melissa Legarda Alcantara (21 May 2015). "Filipinos in UK fear backlash after nurse's murder conviction". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
  46. ^ TVBS NEWS (2016-11-18), 【TVBS】立委邱議瑩罵「番仔」 三鞠躬道歉, retrieved 2019-06-15
  47. Inquirer.net
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  48. ^ Francis Whitebird. "Derogatory terms used in history". Lakota Country Times. Archived from the original on 23 May 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  49. ^ "Colonial Name, Colonial Mentality and Ethnocentrism (Part One)". CPCA Brisbane. Retrieved 1 February 2015.

External links

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