Anti-mitochondrial antibody
Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are
.The presence of AMA in the
Antigens
Several of the antigens associated with anti-mitochondrial antibodies have been identified.[3]
- M1 – cardiolipin (Anti-cardiolipin antibodies, ACA)
- M2 – branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex
- M3 – outer mitochondrial membrane
- M4 – sulfite oxidase
- M5 – outer mitochondrial membrane
- M6 – outer mitochondrial membrane
- M7 – sarcosine dehydrogenase
- M8 – outer mitochondrial membrane
- M9 – glycogen phosphorylase
Disease associations
Antibodies to these specific antigens have been associated with a number of conditions:
Antimitochondrial antibodies can also be detected in
Anti-cardiolipin antibodies are another type of AMA, and cardiolipin is found on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Development
A cause of AMA has been postulated to be that xenobiotic-induced and/or oxidative modification of mitochondrial autoantigens is a critical step leading to loss of tolerance. In acute liver failure AMA are found against all major liver antigens.[6]
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase, E2 subunits
- 2-Oxo-glutarate dehydrogenase
- Branched-chain 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase
Around 40.5% of acute liver failure patients were found to have elevated AMA, although a larger proportion (56.9%) had anti-transglutaminase antibodies, usually associated with coeliac disease.[6]
See also
- Antibodies
- Mitochondrion
References
- ^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: 003529
- PMID 17326160.
- ^ Berg PA, Klein R (1992) Antimitochondrial antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis and other disorders: definition and clinical relevance: Dig Dis 10(2):85-101
- ^ a b Berg PA, Klein R (1986) Mitochondrial antigens and autoantibodies: from anti-M1 to anti-M9. Klin Wochenschr 64(19):897-909
- ^ Labro MT, Andrieu MC, Weber M, Homberg JC (1976) A new pattern of non-organ- and non-species-specific anti-organelle antibody detected by immunofluorescence: the mitochondrial antibody number 5. Clin Exp Immunol 31(3):357-366
- ^ PMID 17657817.