Antinoöpolis
Antinoöpolis
ⲁⲛⲧⲓⲛⲱⲟⲩ الشيخ عبادة أنصنا | |
---|---|
Antinoöpolis (also Antinoopolis, Antinoë, Antinopolis;
History
New Kingdom
During the
Roman period
During the
The city of Antinoöpolis was the centre of the official cult of Antinoüs. The city exhibited the
Byzantine period
Antinoöpolis continued to grow into the Byzantine era, being Christianized with the conversion of the Empire, but retaining an association with magic for centuries to come.
Medieval period
The city was abandoned around the 10th century. It continued to host a massive
-
Ruins of the Temple of Ramses
-
Cartouche from the Temple of Ramses
-
Columns from the Temple of Ramses
-
Carvings and hieroglyphs from the Temple of Ramses
-
Funerary portrait of a boy, AD c. 190–230
-
Funerary portrait of a man, AD c. 190–230
-
Encaustic funerary portrait of a woman
-
Funerary portrait of a woman. Probably from Antinoöpolis, c. 250–300 AD (Menil Collection)
Structure and organization
The city of Antinoöpolis was governed by its own senate and prytaneus or president. The senate was chosen from the members of the wards (φυλαί), of which we learn the name of one – Ἀθηναΐς – from inscriptions (Orelli, No. 4705); and its decrees, as well as those of the prytaneus, were not, as usual, subject to the revision of the
Antinoë was the seat of a Christian bishop by the 4th century, originally a
Archaeological finds
The earliest finds at the site date to the
As far as can be ascertained from the space covered with mounds of masonry, Antinoöpolis was about a mile and a half in length, and nearly half a mile broad. The remains of the city, having a three and a half mile circumference, suggests Roman and Hellenistic foundations and was surrounded by a brick wall on three sides, leaving the fourth side open to the Nile.
-
Ruin-field from the south-west & topography
-
Topographical map of the city
-
Portico of the Roman theatre
-
Plan, elevation, and section of the triumphal arch
-
Various porticoes, a bathhouse, and the main colonnaded street
-
Column of Alexander Severus and the hippodrome
-
Plan and elevation of the portico of the Roman theatre
-
Column of Alexander Severus and a statue of Antinoüs
Albert Gayet
Albert Gayet (1856–1916) was known as the "archaeologist of Antinoöpolis" and, without his extensive research and documentation of the site, very little would be known about this Greco-Roman city. Though there is much data of Antinoöpolis recorded from the Napoleonic Commission, Gayet's report sheds a greater light on the ancient city. As Christianity began to spread through the Roman Empire, Antinoöpolis became a place of worship. Centuries after the city of Antinoüs was established by the Roman emperor, Christianity became the way of life. The city was home to many nuns and monks and Christian sanctuaries were built. Many came to venerate saints, such as Claudius and Colluthus, and monasteries were abundant.[13] Gayet's findings confirm the wide spread of Christianity. Gayet's excavations have revealed mummies, grave goods, and thousands of fabrics at the site of Antinoöpolis. Gayet uncovered a large cemetery, the burial place of numerous Coptic Christians. Mummification was prohibited by law in the fourth century A.D., and so the remains of deceased Christians were dressed in tunics and swaddled with other textiles before being buried.[14] Gayet's findings give researchers a better understanding of early Christian burial practices and his preservation of artistic textiles found at the site show the evolving Coptic style. The transformation of style was the canonical art of ancient Egypt infused with Classical and then Christian art.[15]
Antinoöpolis today
Today, Antinoöpolis is the site of El Sheikh Ibada, a small village. Many of the original buildings have been broken down for materials to build newer structures, such as sugar factories for El-Rodah, but visitors can still see the remains of the Roman Circus and ruins of a few temples.
References
- ^ Digital Collections, The New York Public Library. "(still image) Antinoë [Antinoöpolis]. Vue de l'arc de triomphe., (1809 - 1828)". The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations. Retrieved January 19, 2020.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-860641-3, retrieved 2020-01-19
- ^ ISBN 9780691654201.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Lambert, Royston (1984). Beloved and God: The Story of Hadrian and Antinous. George Weidenfeld & Nicolson.: 149
- ^ "Un acte de divorce par consentement mutuel" Archived September 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Louis Crompton, Homosexuality & Civilization, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003. p. 108.
- ^ Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 593-594
- ^ Gaetano Moroni, Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica, Vol. 2, p. 168
- ^ Klaas A. Worp, A Checklist of Bishops in Byzantine Egypt (A.D. 325 - c. 750) Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, in Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 100 (1994) 283-318
- ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 834
- ^ JSTOR 296979
- ^ Wilkinson, Topography of Thebes, p. 382
- ^ Donadoni, Sergio, and Peter Grossmann (1991). "Antinoopolis" Archived 2015-01-23 at the Wayback Machine. Claremont Coptic Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10/24/2012.
- JSTOR 10.1086/512220
- ^ "Textiles from Coptic Egypt." Archived 2018-11-23 at the Wayback Machine (2003). Textiles from Coptic Egypt. Indian University Art Museum. Retrieved 10/24/2012
- .
- ^ "Mummy of a woman with portrait". Louvre. Retrieved 2020-01-21.
Bibliography
- Dion Cass. lxix. 11; Amm. Marc. xix. 12, xxii. 16; Aur. Vict. Caesar, 14; Spartian. Hadrian. 14; Chron. Pasch. p. 254, Paris edit; It. Anton. p. 167; Hierocl. p. 730; Ἀντινόεια, Steph. B.s. v., also Adrianopolis, Steph. B. Ἁδριανούπολις)
- Antinoe - Catholic Encyclopedia article on the titular see
- Corcoran, Simon (2007), "Two tales, two cities: ISBN 978-1-905670-04-8
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help)
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
- "Antinoopolis." The Global Egyptian Museum. Retrieved 10/24/2012. <http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/glossary.aspx?id=66>.
- Smith, William. (1854). "Antinoopolis." Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. 141. Retrieved 10/24/2012.
- Waters, Sarah. (1995). "The Most Famous Fairy in History": Antinous and Homosexual Fantasy." Journal of the History of Sexuality, 194-230. JSTOR 3704122
- O'Connell, Elisabeth R. (2014) 'Catalogue of British Museum objects from The Egypt Exploration Fund’s 1913/14 excavation at Antinoupolis (Antinoë),' in Antinoupolis II: Scavi e materiali III, ed. R. Pintaudi, 467–504 (Florence: Istituto papirologico “G. Vitelli,”)
External links
The City Antinoöpolis:
- The Antinoupolis Foundation, Inc.
- Antinoüs Homepage (mainly in German)