Antiparasitic

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Antiparasitics are a class of

topically.[4] Overuse or misuse of antiparasitics can lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance
.

Broad-Spectrum antiparasitics, analogous to broad-spectrum antibiotics for bacteria, are antiparasitic drugs with efficacy in treating a wide range of parasitic infections caused by parasites from different classes.

Types

See also:
List of human parasitic diseases

Broad-spectrum

Antiprotozoals

Main article: Antiprotozoal

Antihelminthic

Main article:
Antihelminthic

Antinematodes

Ancylostoma caninum, a type of hookworm, attached to the intestinal mucosa.

Anticestodes

Antitrematodes

Antiamoebics

Antifungals

Main article: Antifungal

Medical uses

Antiparasitics treat parasitic diseases, which impact an estimated 2 billion people.[1]

Administration

Antiparastics may be given via a variety of routes depending on the specific medication, including oral, topical, and intravenous.[4]

Resistance to antiparasitics has been a growing concern, especially in veterinary medicine. The Egg hatch assay can be used to determine whether a parasite causing an infection has become resistant to standard drug treatments.[10]

Drug development history

Early antiparasitics were ineffective, frequently toxic to patients, and difficult to administer due to the difficulty in distinguishing between the host and the parasite.[4]

Between 1975 and 1999 only 13 of 1,300 new drugs were antiparasitics, which raised concerns that insufficient incentives existed to drive development of new treatments for diseases that disproportionately target low-income countries. This led to new public sector and

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Between 2000 and 2005, twenty new antiparasitic agents were developed or in development.[11] Metal-containing compounds are the subject of another avenue of approach.[12]

Research

In the last decades, triazolopyrimidines and their metal complexes have been looked at as an alternative drug to the existing commercial antimonials, searching for a decrease in side effects and the development of parasite drug resistance.[13]

See also

References

  1. ^
    PMID 21628620
    .
  2. PMID 26474244
    .
  3. ^
    PMID 12075057
    .
  4. ^ a b c d "ANTIPARASITICS". Purdue University Cytology Laboratories. Purdue Research Foundation. Retrieved 2015-08-30.
  5. PMID 24202339
    . Nitazoxanide [NTZ: 2-acetyloxy-N-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)benzamide] is a thiazolide antiparasitic agent with excellent activity against a wide variety of protozoa and helminths.  ... Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is a main compound of a class of broad-spectrum anti-parasitic compounds named thiazolides. It is composed of a nitrothiazole-ring and a salicylic acid moiety which are linked together by an amide bond ... NTZ is generally well tolerated, and no significant adverse events have been noted in human trials [13]. ... In vitro, NTZ and tizoxanide function against a wide range of organisms, including the protozoal species Blastocystis hominis, C. parvum, Entamoeba histolytica, G. lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis [13]
  6. S2CID 219184877
    .
  7. S2CID 13436814
    .
  8. PMID 17722965
    .
  9. S2CID 205423324
    .
  10. ISBN 9781444302608
    .
  11. S2CID 19379800
    .
  12. S2CID 73728129. {{cite book}}: |editor4-first= has generic name (help); |journal= ignored (help
    )
  13. PMID 28521698
    .
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