Antipodean albatross
| Antipodean albatross | |
|---|---|
| |
| Diomedea antipodensis gibsoni | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Procellariiformes |
| Family: | Diomedeidae |
| Genus: | Diomedea |
| Species: | D. antipodensis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Diomedea antipodensis | |
| Subspecies | |
|
Diomedea antipodensis antipodensis Robertson & Warham 1992[2] | |
| Synonyms | |
The Antipodean albatross (Diomedea antipodensis) (Māori: Toroa)[4] is a large seabird in the albatross family. Antipodean albatrosses are smaller than snowy albatrosses, and breed in predominantly brown plumage, but are otherwise difficult to distinguish from young snowy albatrosses (snowy albatrosses grow lighter in color with age, while the Antipodean stays darker).
Etymology
Diomedea antipodensis breaks into Diomedea referring to Diomedes, whose companions turned to birds, and antipodensis, the Latin form of the Antipodes Islands, where they are found.[5]
Taxonomy
The Antipodean albatross belongs to the
Subspecies
There are two sub-species; however there was a study in 1998 that suggested splitting this species,[9] though this was not accepted in a 2004 study.[10]
| Image | Subspecies | Distribution |
|---|---|---|
.jpg) |
Diomedea antipodensis antipodensis | nominate race, breeds on the Antipodes Islands and Campbell Island[2] |
 |
Diomedea antipodensis gibsoni | breeds on the Auckland Islands[2] |
Description
The Antipodean is large, at 110 cm (43 in) in length.
Range and habitat
| Location | Population | Date | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
Antipodes Island |
4,635-5,737 pair | 2007 | Declining |
| Auckland Islands | 5,800 pair | 2007 | Declining |
| Campbell Islands | 10 pair | 2007 | |
| Pitt Island | 1 pair | 2004 | |
| Total | 25,000 | 2007 | Declining |
At sea Antipodean albatrosses range across the South
Behaviour
They feed predominantly on cephalopod and to a lesser extent fish[2] (unlike other albatross species they are not recorded eating any crustaceans), and have been recorded visiting the spawning grounds of the giant cuttlefish off New South Wales. They nest on ridges, slopes, or plateaus, and will build their nest in the open or within patchy vegetation, such as tussock grassland.[2]
Conservation
The
Pigs and feral cats are hurting the population on Auckland Island and longline fishing is still impacting them. Recent studies have shown that a rise in Tasman Sea temperature may be impacting gibsoni.[2]
Banding has been an ongoing process, and will continue with satellite tracking of the species. Cattle and sheep have been eradicated from Campbell Island, and all the islands are nature preserves and recently became World Heritage Sites. Cats and pigs need to be removed from the Auckland Islands, the fisheries need to be worked with and the ocean temperature fluctuations need to be studied to help this species survive.[2]
Footnotes
- ^ . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o BirdLife International (2008)
- ^ "Loons, penguins, petrels". International Ornithological Congress. Retrieved 2015-01-14.
- ^ "Antipodean albatross | Toroa | New Zealand Birds Online". nzbirdsonline.org.nz. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
- ^ Gotch, A. F. (1995)
- ^ Robertson, C. J. R. (2003)
- ^ Clements, J. (2007)
- ^ Remsen Jr., J. V. (2009)
- ^ Robertson, C. J. R. & Nunn, G. B. (1998)
- ^ Brooke, M. (2004)
References
- BirdLife International (2008). "Antipodean Albatross Diomedea antipodensis - BirdLife Species Factsheet". Data Zone. Archived from the original on 2 January 2009. Retrieved 12 Feb 2009.
- Brooke, M. (2004). "Procellariidae". Albatrosses and Petrels Across the World. ISBN 0-19-850125-0.
- Burg, T. M.; Croxall, J. P. (2004). "Global population structure and taxonomy of the wandering albatross species complex" (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 13 (8): 2345–2355. PMID 15245406.
- Clements, James (2007). The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World (6th ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-4501-9.
- Gotch, A. F. (1995) [1979]. "Albatrosses, Fulmars, Shearwaters, and Petrels". Latin Names Explained A Guide to the Scientific Classifications of Reptiles, Birds & Mammals. New York, NY: Facts on File. p. 190. ISBN 0-8160-3377-3.
- Remsen Jr., J. V.; et al. (Jan 2009). "Proposal (388) to South American Classification Committee: Split Diomedea exulans into four species". South American Classification Committee. American Ornithologists' Union. Archived from the original on 21 February 2009. Retrieved 12 Feb 2009.
- Robertson, C. J. R.; Nunn, G. B. (1998). "Towards a new taxonomy of albatrosses". Albatross Biology and Conservation. Chipping Norton, Australia: Surrey Beatty & Sons Ltd. pp. 13–19.
- Robertson, C. J. R. (2003). "Albatrosses (Diomedeidae)". In Hutchins, Michael; Jackson, Jerome A.; Bock, Walter J.; Olendorf, Donna (eds.). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Vol. 8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins. Joseph E. Trumpey, Chief Scientific Illustrator (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. pp. 113–116. ISBN 0-7876-5784-0.
External links
- Species factsheet - BirdLife International
- Holotype photos - Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa