Antoine-François Momoro

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Antoine-François Momoro
Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité ou la mort″, one of the mottos of the French Republic
SpouseSophie Momoro (1786–1794)
Children4
Signature

Antoine-François Momoro (French pronunciation:

Hébertisme, he is the originator of the phrase ″Unité, Indivisibilité de la République; Liberté, égalité, fraternité ou la mort″, one of the mottoes of the French Republic.[1][2][3]

Life

Antoine François Momoro,
"First Printer of National Liberty"
(Musée Carnavalet)

"First Printer of Liberty"

Momoro's family was originally from Spain but settled in the

typographer and he was admitted to the Parisian printers' guild in 1787. He was one of many publishers in the French capital, but he established his credentials quickly by issuing his own highly regarded printer's manual, Traité élémentaire de l'imprimerie, ou le manuel de l'imprimeur (1793). The outbreak of the Revolution and the declaration of the freedom of the press
in August 1789 massively boosted his output and would change his destiny.

An open opponent of even a constitutional monarchy and of the Roman Catholic religion, Momoro keenly threw himself into the revolutionary cause and put his abilities at the service of the new ideas. At the start of the Revolution he bought up several presses, opened a press at 171

Paris Commune and became secretary to the Société des droits de l'homme, which later became the Club des Cordeliers
, whose journal he published as well as becoming one of its loudest orators.

Momoro was also among the signatories of the anti-monarchical petition which led to the

Jacques-René Hébert's radical newspaper, Le Père Duchesne
.

Radicalization

Notre-Dame
(Etching, 1793, Paris, BNF
, Estampes)

A member of the

Directoire du département de Paris and it was then that he and mayor Pache inscribed the motto Unité, Indivisibilité de la République; Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité ou la mort on the façades of all public buildings.[5] After a recruiting mission in Calvados and Eure, he returned to Paris where he was made president of the section du Théâtre-Français
.

He took an active part in

Goddess at the "Festival of Reason" on 20 Brumaire, Year II (10 November 1793).[citation needed
]

He was sent into the Vendée in May 1793, where he acted as deputy to Charles-Philippe Ronsin at the siege of the état-major at Saumur, in a mission to ensure the army fighting against the revolt there was well supplied. On his return to Paris, in a long Rapport sur la politique de la Vendée fait au comité de Salut Public, he explained the reasons for setbacks to Ronsin's strategy in the Vendée and defended General Rossignol, contributing to his rehabilitation.

When

L'Ami du Peuple
at his press.

Fall

After working for the fall of the

Cloots, Jean Conrad de Kock) the following afternoon, 4 Germinal, Year II (24 March 1794).[7] Their death of was a sort of carnival, a pleasant spectacle according to Michelet
's witnesses.

Bibliography

References

  1. OCLC 4697187
    . Antoine-François Momoro Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité.
  2. ^ Amable Guillaume P. Brugière de Barante (1851). Histoire de la Convention nationale (in French). Langlois et Leclercq. p. 322.
  3. ^ John Boyd Thacher (1905). Outlines of the French revolution told in autographs. Weed-Parsons Printing Co. p. 8. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
  4. ^ "Association Camille Desmoulins, Biographie de Camille Desmoulin, 3. Brochures et pamphlets". Archived from the original on 4 April 2008. Retrieved 12 September 2008.
  5. ^ Thompson J. M. The French Revolution. — Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1959, p. 356
  6. ^ Discours de Momoro aux Cordeliers, 12 February 1794
  7. ISBN 0-19-822781-7
    . See p.270: "Among those who went to the scaffold... on the afternoon of the twenty-fourth... [was] the leader of section Marat, Momoro."

Sources
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