Antoine Laurent de Jussieu
Antoine Laurent de Jussieu | |
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Muséum national d'histoire naturelle | |
| Author abbrev. (botany) | Juss. |
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Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (French pronunciation: botanist, notable as the first to publish a natural classification of flowering plants; much of his system remains in use today. His classification was based on an extended unpublished work by his uncle, the botanist Bernard de Jussieu.
Life
Jussieu was born in
Académie des Sciences led to his election as a member that year.[5] In 1784 he was appointed to a Royal Commission by Louis XVI, as one of five commissionaires to investigate animal magnetism, publishing a dissenting opinion from the majority,[6] suggesting further investigation was required.[7]
The publication of Jussieu's Genera plantarum in 1789 was rapidly followed by the outbreak of the
chair in Botanique à la campagne. He was also Director of the museum from 1794 to 1795, and again from 1798 to 1800.[8] Jussieu immediately set about setting up a herbarium, a task greatly facilitated by the seizure of foreign collections by the revolutionary armies, and by the confiscation of the assets of the church and aristocracy.[9][3] In 1808, Napoleon appointed him to the position of counsellor of the university.[5]
He remained at the museum until 1826, when he was succeeded by his son
Frederic Cuvier's Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles (1816-1830).[11][3] He was also a member of the Masonic Lodge, Les Neuf Sœurs
.
Work
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Jussieu's system of
In the Genera plantarum (1789), Jussieu adopted a methodology based on the use of multiple characters to define groups, an idea derived from naturalist
Joseph Gärtner.[5][3] Although he worked on a second edition of Genera plantarum, all that was published was his Introductio,[17] posthumously in 1837.[5]
List of selected publications
Sources: Flourens (1840, p. lvii); Pritzel (1872); Royal Society (1800–1900)Stafleu & Cowan (1979)
- 1770 : Jussieu, Antoine (1770). An aeconomiam animalem inter et vegetalem analogiae ou Comparaison de la structure et des fonctions des organes végétaux avec les phénomènes de la vie animale (Doctor of Medicine). Faculté de médecine de Paris.
- 1773 : — (1777). "Examen de la famille des renonculacées". Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences (in French). Année 1773: 214–240.(also available here)
- 1774 : — (1778). "Exposition d'un nouvel ordre de plantes adopté dans les démonstrations du Jardin royal". Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences (in French). Année 1774: 175–179.
- 1784 : — (1784). Rapport de l'un des commissaires chargés par le Roi de l'examen du magnétisme animal [Report of one of the commissioners charged by the King with the examination of animal magnetism] (in French). Paris: Veuve Hérissant.
- 1789 : Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de (1789). Genera plantarum: secundum ordines naturales disposita, juxta methodum in Horto regio parisiensi exaratam, anno M.DCC.LXXIV [Genera of Plants Arranged According to Their Natural Orders, Based on the Method Devised in the Royal Garden in Paris in the Year 1774] (in Latin). Paris. (1799) as Tableau du règne végétal selon la méthode de Jussieu)
- Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de (1964). "Introduction". In ISBN 0-85486-061-4.
- 1804: Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de (1804). "Memoire sur le cantua, genre de plantes de la famille des Polemoniees". Annales du Muséum d'histoire naturelle (in French). 3: 113–119.
- 1810: Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de (1810). "Memoire sur les genres de plantes à ajouter ou retrancher aux familles des Solanées, Borraginées, Convolulacées, Polemoniacées, Bignoniées, Gentianées, Apocinées, Sapotées et Ardisiacées". Annales du Muséum d'histoire naturelle (in French). 15: 336–356.
- 1824: Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de (1824). Principes de la méthode naturelle des végétaux (in French). Paris: F.G. Levrault., reprinted from F. Cuvier, ed., Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles,[11] 30: 426–468 (1824)
- 1837 : Jussieu, Antoine (1837). "Introductio in historiam plantarum". Annales des Sciences Naturelles (in Latin). 8: 97–160, 193–239.(Reprinted in Brongniart (1837, pp. 1–111)) op. post.
- Recurrent publications
- Notice historique sur le Museum d’histoire naturelle, in Annales du Museum d’histoire naturelle, 1 (1802), 1–14; 2 (1803), 1–16; 3 (1804), 1–17; 4 (1804), 1–19; 6 (1805), 1-20; 11 (1808), 1-41
Awards and memberships
Member of the French Académie des Sciences (1773), elected foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (1788).
Legacy
Jussieu's "natural" system of classification soon replaced the artificial sexual one of Linnaeus. "The glory of this crowning achievement belongs to Jussieu: he was the capable man who appeared precisely at the psychological moment, and it is the men that so appear who have made, and will continue to make, all the great generalisations of science."[20]ICBN, versus just 11 for Linnaeus, for instance. Writing of the natural system, Sydney Howard Vines remarked:
De Jussieu and his family have been commemorated by a number of images, including a bust and medallion by
Marseilles and Lyon, their family home. The Jussieu Peninsula in South Australia is also named after Antoine Laurent Jussieu, as is an asteroid
.
See also
- De Jussieu system
- History of botany
- Royal Commission on Animal Magnetism
- Category:Taxa named by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu
Notes
References
- ^ Burdet 1976.
- ^ a b Jussieu 1770.
- ^ a b c d e Stafleu 2019.
- ^ Hahn 1971, p. 87.
- ^ a b c d e f Rompel 1910.
- ^ Jussieu 1784.
- ^ Duveen & Klickstein 1955.
- ^ Jaussaud & Brygoo 2004, pp. 41–45.
- ^ a b c Promeet 2021.
- ^ Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 1802–1827.
- ^ a b Cuvier 1816–1845.
- ^ Jussieu 1777.
- ^ Jussieu 1778.
- ^ Jussieu 1789.
- ^ Jussieu 1964.
- ^ Chisholm 1911.
- ^ Jussieu 1837.
- ^ Isely 1994.
- ^ Meerow et al. 2007.
- ^ Vines 1913.
- ^ van der Krogt & van der Krogt 2021.
- ^ Lazare & Lazare 1855, p. 456.
- ^ Paris 1900 2005.
- ^ International Plant Names Index. Juss.
Bibliography
Books
- Hahn, Roger (1971). The Anatomy of a Scientific Institution: The Paris Academy of Sciences, 1666-1803. ISBN 978-0-520-01818-1.
- Isely, Duane (1994). One Hundred and One Botanists. Ames: Iowa State University Press. pp. 118–120. ISBN 0-8138-2498-2.
- Jaussaud, Philippe; Brygoo, Edouard Raoul, eds. (2004). Du Jardin au Muséum en 516 biographies (in French). ISBN 978-2-85653-565-3.(Open Access)
- ISBN 9789031302246.
- Stevens, Peter Francis (1994). The Development of Biological Systematics: Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu, Nature, and the Natural System. ISBN 978-0231515085.
- Vines, Sydney Howard (1913). "Robert Morison 1620—1683 and John Ray 1627—1705". In Oliver, Francis Wall (ed.). Makers of British botany. Cambridge University Press. pp. 8–43.
- Morton, Alan G (1981). History of Botanical Science: An Account of the Development of Botany from Ancient Times to the Present Day. ISBN 0-12-508380-7.(available here at Internet Archive)
Historical sources
- Brongniart, Adolphe (1837). Notice historique sur Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu (in French). Paris}.(Reprinted from Annales des sciences naturelles. Botanique, 2nd series, VII January 1837, p. 5)
- Du Mortier, Barthélemy (1862–1873). Opuscules de botanique (in French). Brussels: G. Mayolez.(also at Google Books here)
- (in French). Paris: F. G. Levrault.
- Lazare, Félix; Lazare, Louis (1855) [1844]. Dictionnaire administratif et historique des rues de Paris et de ses monuments (in French) (2nd ed.). Paris: Bureau de revue municipale.(see Dictionnaire administratif et historique des rues de Paris et de ses monuments)
- Lipsiae: F. A. Brockhaus. p. 160.
- Rádl, Emanuel (1909–1913). Geschichte der biologischen Theorien in der Neuzeit (in German) (2nd ed.). Leipzig: Verlag von W. Engelmann.
- doi:10.5962/bhl.title.30585., (see also History of botany (1530-1860) at Google Books)
- Annales du Muséum d'histoire naturelle. 21 vols. Paris: G. Dufour. 1802–1827.
- Royal Society (1800–1900). "Jussieu, Ant. Laur. de.". Catalogue of scientific papers. 17 vols. Vol. 3 (1800-1863) GRE–LEZ 1869. Eyre & Spottiswoode. pp. 596–598.(also here at Google Books. See also Catalogue of Scientific Papers)
Articles
- Annales des sciences naturelles. Botanique. 2nd series VIII: 5–24.(Reprinted in Brongniart (1837))
- Duveen, Denis I.; Klickstein, Herbert S. (December 1955). "Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) and Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743–1794): Part II. Joint investigations". .
- Mémoires de l'Académie (royale) des sciences de l'Institut (imperial) de France. XVII: i–lx.(Reprint available in Google Books)
- Burdet, H M (1976). "Cartulae ad botanicorum graphicem VIII". Candollea (in French). 31 (1): 127–158.
- Guédès, Michel (May 1973). "Duchesne, Buisson, Durande, early followers of the natural method of the Jussieus". JSTOR 1218125.
- Lacroix, Alfred (1941). "Notice historique sur les cinq de Jussieu, membres de l'Académie des sciences (1712-1853), leur rôle d'animateurs des recherches d'histoire naturelle dans les colonies françaises, leurs principaux correspondants: lue en la séance publique annuelle du 21 décembre 1936". Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences de l'Institut de France (in French). 2nd series 63: 34–47.
- Meerow, Alan W.; Reveal, James L.; Snijman, Deirdre A.; Dutilh, Julie H. (November 2007). "(1793) Proposal to conserve the name Amaryllidaceae against Alliaceae, a "superconservation" proposal". Taxon. 56 (4): 1299–1300. JSTOR 25065925.
Encyclopaedias
- Stafleu, Frans A (2019). "Jussieu, Antoine-Laurent De". Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Gale. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
- Rompel, Joseph (1910). "De Jussieu". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- Promeet, Dutta (8 April 2021). Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu: French botanist. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Jussieu, De". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 593.
Websites
- "La place Jussieu - Paris 5e - Faculté Jussieu - Paris Diderot - Le Quartier Latin". Paris 1900 l'art nouveau. January 2005.
- van der Krogt, René; van der Krogt, Peter (2021). "Wien - Fassadenstatuen des Naturhistorisches Museums (Façade statues on the Museum of Natural History)". Statues - Hither & Thither. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
External links
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