Anton Mussert
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Anton Mussert | |
---|---|
Dutch People | |
In office 13 December 1942 – 7 May 1945 Serving with Arthur Seyss-Inquart[a] | |
Preceded by | Office created |
Succeeded by | Office abolished |
Leader of the National Socialist Movement | |
In office 14 December 1931 – 6 May 1945 | |
Preceded by | Office created |
Succeeded by | Office abolished |
Personal details | |
Born | Anton Adriaan Mussert 11 May 1894 Werkendam, Netherlands |
Died | 7 May 1946 Waalsdorpervlakte, The Hague, Netherlands | (aged 51)
Cause of death | Execution by firing squad |
Political party | National Socialist Movement (from 1931) |
Other political affiliations | Liberal State Party |
Spouse | Maria Witlam |
Parents |
|
Alma mater | Delft University of Technology (MEng) |
Occupation | Politician Civil engineer |
| |
Anton Adriaan Mussert (Dutch pronunciation:
Early life
Mussert was born on 11 May 1894 in Werkendam, in the northern part of the province of North Brabant in the Netherlands.[2] From an early age he showed talent in technical matters and after graduating from school he chose to study civil engineering at the Delft University of Technology. He married his aunt Maria Witlam, his mother's sister, in 1917 despite opposition from his mother. In the 1920s, he became active in several far right organisations, such as the Dietsche Bond which advocated a Greater Netherlands including Flanders (Dutch-speaking Belgium).
Foundation of the Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging
On 14 December 1931, Mussert,
A 1933 demonstration in Utrecht attracted only 600 supporters. A year later, the NSB rallied 25,000 demonstrators in Amsterdam. The NSB received 300,000 votes in the 1935 parliamentary elections, almost 8% of the national vote.[4] In the 1937 election, it polled a little more than half as much. Thereafter, Mussert worked toward preventing resistance to a German invasion.
Role during the war
1940
A state of siege was declared by the Dutch government in April 1940 after the foreign correspondent for The New York Times, Vladimir Poliakov, reported that Mussert's followers were preparing to kidnap Queen Wilhelmina as part of a coup.
On 10 May, German troops
Mussert was not appointed prime minister of the occupied nation. Instead, Austrian Nazi
1941–1945
In February 1941, Mussert agreed to and oversaw the formation of the
On 8 December 1941, the independent Dutch administration in the Dutch East Indies declared war on Japan, the ally of Nazi Germany.[6] After the Japanese invasion and occupation and the subsequent internment of 100,000 Dutch civilians and 50,000 military personnel, Mussert requested a meeting with Hitler. On 13 December 1942, Hitler declared Mussert to be "Leider van het Nederlandse Volk" (Leader of the Dutch People).[7]
Having lost control of the Dutch SS and the military units that were serving in the
Execution
Upon the surrender of Germany, Mussert was arrested at the NSB office in The Hague on 7 May 1945. He was convicted of
See also
- History of the Netherlands (1939–1945)
- Villa Bouchina
References
- ^ First name in isolation: [ˈɑntɔn].
- ISBN 978-1-4408-4084-5.
- ISBN 9997376676. pp. 620–23
- ISBN 9997376676. p. 622
- ISBN 90-295-3113-4(in Dutch)
- ^ "The Kingdom of the Netherlands Declares War with Japan". ibiblio. 15 December 1941. Retrieved 5 October 2009.
- ^ "Hitler Elevates Dutch Quisling". Los Angeles Times, 14 December 1942
- ^ "Anton Mussert-Dutch Fascist". 28 November 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ See World War II casualties
- ^ See World War II casualties#endnote Indonesia
- ^ "Dutch Nazi Executed," Amarillo Globe, 7 May 1946, p. 1
Further reading
- Littlejohn, David (1972). ISBN 0-434-42725-X.
- Warmbrunn, Werner (1963). The Dutch under German Occupation: 1940–1945. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-0152-0.
- ISBN 0-13-089301-3.