Antsiranana
Antsiranana | |
---|---|
Nickname: Diego Suarez | |
Coordinates: 12°18′S 49°17′E / 12.300°S 49.283°E | |
Country | Madagascar |
Region | Diana Region |
Area | |
• Total | 71.9 km2 (27.8 sq mi) |
Population (2018 census) | |
• Total | 129,320 |
• Density | 1,800/km2 (4,700/sq mi) |
Postal code | 201 |
Climate | Aw |
Antsiranana (Malagasy: Antsiranana Malagasy pronunciation: [antsʲˈraŋanə̥]), named Diego-Suarez prior to 1975, is a city in the far north of Madagascar. Antsiranana is the capital of Diana Region. It had an estimated population of 115,015 in 2013.[1]
History
At the beginning of the 16th century, a Portuguese squadron of 13 ships crisscrossed the Indian Ocean; One of these ships went adrift, and its captain, Diego Diaz, was therefore the first European to discover the Big Island on August 10, 1500. In February 1506, Admiral Herman Suarez recognized the place and so Antomabokala, former capital of Ankarana, acquired its name of Diego Suarez, which comes from the contraction of the first name of the captain and the name of the Admiral. In 1635, the bay was mentioned for the first time under this name by the French pilot Berthelot, author of an oriental map of Africa and Madagascar. In 1824, the bay was explored by the English hydrographer Owen, then in 1833, Captain Bigeault, commandant of La Nièvre, traveled the North East coast to carry out hydrographic surveys.
In the 1880s, the bay was coveted by
The French took possession of their new colony and the Bay of Diego Suarez (also called Bay of Antomboko at that time). It was then called Etablissement français de Diego-Suarez (French Establishment of Diego-Suarez) and was placed under the command of Frigate captain Caillet who is the founder of the city of Diego Suarez.
The first barracks were built at Cap Diego. The first habitants of the new colony were
.Run away slaves (
In 1887 a civil governor, Froger, replaced Caillet. In 1888 the islands of
In 1900 the Decauville railway at Diégo Suarez was built.[3] The Second Pacific Squadron of
On 21 March 1909 were laid down the first bricks of the cathedrale. In 1919 there was an epidemics of the Spanish flu followed by an outbreak of the plague in 1920.[4] Still, in 1925 the Province de Diego-Suarez had 13695 habitants.
In 1942, Diego-Suarez was the primary objective of
France continued to operate a military base in the city following Malagasy independence in 1960. Between 1973 and 1975, French forces were withdrawn.
Postage stamps
Education
The University of Antsiranana was founded in 1976.
Transport
Antsiranana is situated on Antsiranana Bay, one of the largest deep-water harbours in the Indian Ocean, but the remote location, and, until recently, a bad road to the south, rendered it unimportant for freight traffic. Arrachart Airport provides communication primarily with other parts of Madagascar.
Geography
Climate
Antsiranana has a tropical savannah climate (Aw) with long, hot summer-like weather that lasts year round cut into two seasons; a wet season which lasts from December to March and a dry season which lasts the rest of the year with rainfall being uncommon but not impossible.
Climate data for Antsiranana (1991–2020, extremes 1941–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 36.6 (97.9) |
34.6 (94.3) |
34.8 (94.6) |
35.0 (95.0) |
33.6 (92.5) |
33.0 (91.4) |
33.0 (91.4) |
33.0 (91.4) |
33.5 (92.3) |
37.0 (98.6) |
38.0 (100.4) |
39.0 (102.2) |
39.0 (102.2) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.1 (88.0) |
30.7 (87.3) |
31.1 (88.0) |
31.6 (88.9) |
31.0 (87.8) |
29.7 (85.5) |
29.2 (84.6) |
29.4 (84.9) |
30.1 (86.2) |
31.1 (88.0) |
32.1 (89.8) |
32.1 (89.8) |
30.8 (87.4) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 27.1 (80.8) |
26.8 (80.2) |
27.1 (80.8) |
27.1 (80.8) |
26.4 (79.5) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.4 (75.9) |
24.6 (76.3) |
25.2 (77.4) |
26.2 (79.2) |
27.3 (81.1) |
27.6 (81.7) |
26.2 (79.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 23.0 (73.4) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.0 (73.4) |
22.7 (72.9) |
21.8 (71.2) |
20.3 (68.5) |
19.6 (67.3) |
19.7 (67.5) |
20.2 (68.4) |
21.3 (70.3) |
22.5 (72.5) |
23.1 (73.6) |
21.7 (71.0) |
Record low °C (°F) | 17.0 (62.6) |
16.6 (61.9) |
14.0 (57.2) |
17.8 (64.0) |
16.2 (61.2) |
13.5 (56.3) |
13.8 (56.8) |
13.0 (55.4) |
14.7 (58.5) |
16.3 (61.3) |
18.2 (64.8) |
18.7 (65.7) |
13.0 (55.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 241.7 (9.52) |
242.7 (9.56) |
162.1 (6.38) |
53.0 (2.09) |
15.7 (0.62) |
13.4 (0.53) |
13.9 (0.55) |
12.4 (0.49) |
7.6 (0.30) |
16.2 (0.64) |
30.5 (1.20) |
133.1 (5.24) |
942.3 (37.12) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 15.4 | 14.6 | 11.4 | 5.2 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 9.2 | 74.9 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
79 | 92 | 81 | 76 | 70 | 68 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 65 | 71 | 76 | 72 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 189.2 | 170.0 | 214.9 | 256.4 | 284.8 | 256.5 | 273.1 | 283.6 | 293.3 | 306.8 | 281.5 | 228.9 | 3,039 |
Source 1: NOAA[8][9] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity, 1951–1967),[10] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[11] |
Places of worship
Among the
- FJKM - Fiangonan'i Jesoa Kristy eto Madagasikara (Church of Jesus Christ in Madagascar)
- FLM - Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy (Malagasy Lutheran Church)
- Assemblies of God
- Fiangonara Batista Biblika (Baptiste church)
- Roman Catholic Diocese of Antsiranana (Catholic Church seated in the Cathedral of St. Matthew).[12]
- Church of the Province of the Indian Ocean (Anglican Church)
There are also Muslim mosques.
See also
References
- ^ Institut National de la Statistique, Antananarivo.
- ^ Une nouvelle Colonie française est née dans le Nord
- ^ La Tribune de Diego: Histoire : A toute vapeur dans la campagne : les locos de Diego Suarez
- ^ History of Diego Suarez
- ISBN 0-7524-3276-1
- Lycée Français Diego Suarez. Retrieved on 7 May 2015.
- AEFE. Retrieved on May 7, 2015.
- ^ "Diego–Suarez/Antsir (Antsiranana) Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
- ^ "Antsiranana Climate Normals 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
- ^ "Klimatafel von Antsiranana (Diégo-Suarez) / Madagaskar" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
- ^ "Station Antsiranana" (in French). Meteo Climat. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
- ^ J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ‘‘Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices’’, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 1768
External links
- "Atlantis Loved Kilimanjaro (portcityskies.tawa.asia)". Archived from the original on 2010-12-31. Retrieved 2010-12-28.
- Diego Suárez review (madacamp.com)