Apalachicola River

Coordinates: 29°43′27″N 84°58′39″W / 29.7243°N 84.9776°W / 29.7243; -84.9776
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Apalachicola River
Map of the Apalachicola River watershed showing the two main tributaries, the Chattahoochee River (left) and the Flint River (right).
Location
CountryUnited States
StateFlorida
Physical characteristics
SourceLake Seminole
 • locationChattahoochee, Florida
 • coordinates30°42′31″N 84°51′50″W / 30.7086°N 84.8639°W / 30.7086; -84.8639
 • elevation75 ft (23 m)
MouthGulf of Mexico
 • location
Apalachicola, Florida
 • coordinates
29°43′27″N 84°58′39″W / 29.7243°N 84.9776°W / 29.7243; -84.9776
 • elevation
0 ft (0 m)
Length160 miles (260 km)
Basin size19,500 sq mi (50,505 km2)
Discharge 
 • average19,602 cu ft/s (555.1 m3/s)

The Apalachicola River /æpəlætʃɪˈkoʊlə/ is a river, approximately 160 miles (260 km) long, in the state of Florida. The river's large watershed, known as the Apalachicola, Chattahoochee and Flint (ACF) River Basin, drains an area of approximately 19,500 square miles (50,500 km2) into the Gulf of Mexico. The distance to its farthest head waters (as the Chattahoochee River) in northeast Georgia is approximately 500 miles (800 km). Its name comes from Apalachicola Province, an association of Native American towns located on what is now the Chattahoochee River. The Spanish included what is now called the Chattahoochee River as part of one river, calling all of it from its origins in the southern Appalachian foothills down to the Gulf of Mexico the Apalachicola.[1]

Description

The river is formed on the state line between Florida and Georgia, near the town of

wetlands
, except at the coast.

The watershed contains nationally significant forests, with some of the highest biological diversity east of the

endemic to the region; it clings to forested slopes and bluffs in Torreya State Park along the east bank of the river. The highest point within the watershed is Blood Mountain
at 4,458 ft (1,359 m), near the headwaters of the Chattahoochee River.

Where the river enters the Gulf of Mexico, it creates a rich array of wetlands varying in salinity. These include tidal marshes and seagrass meadows. Over 230,000 acres (93,000 ha) of this diverse delta complex are included within the Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve.[6] There are also dunes with coastal grasslands and interdunal swales.

View of Apalachicola River at Torreya State Park
Fort Gadsden
, Florida

The basin of the Apalachicola River is also noted for its Tupelo honey, a high-quality monofloral honey, which is produced wherever the tupelo trees bloom in the southeastern United States. In a good harvest year, the value of the tupelo honey crop produced by a group of specialized Florida beekeepers approaches $900,000 each spring.[7]

During Florida's British colonial period, the river formed the boundary between East Florida and West Florida. Geologically, the river links the coastal plain and Gulf Coast with the Appalachian Mountains.[8]

Some of the remaining important areas of natural habitat along the river include

Tates Hell State Forest, and Apalachicola River Wildlife and Environmental Area, as well as the Apalachicola River Water Management Area. It has been suggested that this watershed should be nationally ranked and appreciated as being as significant as the Everglades or Great Smoky Mountains.[3] To raise awareness about the importance of preserving the natural state of the river and its inhabitants, Florida film producer Elam Stoltzfus highlighted this system in a 2006 documentary[9]
broadcast on PBS.

The river forms the boundary between the Eastern and Central time zones in Florida, until it reaches the Jackson River. Thereafter, the Jackson River, which flows to the Gulf of Mexico, is the time zone boundary.[10]

List of crossings

Crossing Carries Location Coordinates
Jim Woodruff Dam Chattahoochee
Victory Bridge U.S. 90 Chattahoochee
Rail bridge CSX Transportation Chattahoochee
Dewey M. Johnson Bridge Interstate Highway 10
Marianna to Quincy
Trammell Bridge SR 20
Bristol
Rail bridge Apalachicola Northern Railway
Apalachicola
John Gorrie Memorial Bridge
U.S. 319
Apalachicola
Interstate 10 WB crossing between Gadsden County and Jackson County

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-8130-2982-5
    .
  2. ^ White, P.S.; Wilds, S.P.; Thunhorst, G.A. (1998). "Southeast". In M.J. Mac; P.A. Opler; C.E. Puckett Haecker; P.D. Doran (eds.). Status and Trends of the Nation's Biological Resources. 2 volumes. Reston, Virginia: US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey. pp. 255–314.
  3. ^
    S2CID 73678050
    .
  4. ^ Messina, M.G.; Conner, W. H., eds. (1998). Southern Forested Wetlands: Ecology and Management. Boca Raton, Florida: Lewis Publishers.
  5. ^ Williams, Michael (1989). M. Williams (ed.). The lumberman's assault on the southern forest, 1880–1920. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 238–288. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  6. ^ "National Estuarine Research Reserves - Apalachicola". floridadep.gov. Office of Resilience and Coastal Protection, Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
  7. ^ Kimpel, Paul. "Gulf County" (PDF). Impact. 17 (2). University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences: 19. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 19, 2009. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
  8. ^ Delcourt, H. R.; Delcourt, P. A. (1991). Quaternary Ecology: A Paleoecological Perspective. London: Chapman and Hall.
  9. ^ "Apalachicola River: An American Treasure". apalachicolaamericantreasure.com. Elam S. Stoltzfus. Archived from the original on August 8, 2007. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
  10. ^ 49 C.F.R. § 71.5(f).

Further reading

  • Boyce, S.G., and W.M. Martin. 1993. The future of the terrestrial communities of the southeastern United States. Pp. 339–366, In W.H. Martin, S.G. Boyce, and A.C. Echternacht (Eds.). Biodiversity of the Southeastern United States, Lowland Terrestrial Communities. Wiley, New York, NY.
  • Light, H.M., M.R. Darst, and J.W. Grubbs. (1998). Aquatic habitats in relation to river flow in the Apalachicola River floodplain, Florida [U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1594]. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.

External links

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