Aperanat
'Aper-'Anati | |
---|---|
Aperanat, Aper-Anat | |
Heka-chasut | |
Reign | unknown duration |
Predecessor | Semqen (Ryholt) or Anat-her (von Beckerath) |
Successor | Sakir-Har (Ryholt) or Semqen (von Beckerath) |
Dynasty | uncertain dynasty, possibly 15th Dynasty, otherwise 16th Dynasty |
'Aper-'Anati (also written Aper-Anat and Aperanat) was a ruler of Lower Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period in the mid-17th century BC. According to Jürgen von Beckerath he was the second king of the 16th Dynasty and a vassal of the Hyksos kings of the 15th Dynasty.[5] This opinion was recently rejected by Kim Ryholt. In his 1997 study of the Second Intermediate Period, Ryholt argues that the kings of the 16th Dynasty ruled an independent Theban realm c. 1650–1580 BC.[4] Consequently, Ryholt sees 'Aper-'Anati as an early Hyksos king of the 15th Dynasty, perhaps its second ruler. This analysis has convinced some Egyptologists, such as Darrell Baker and Janine Bourriau,[6][7] but not others including Stephen Quirke.[8]
'Aper-'Anati is only known from a single
References
- ^ a b Flinders Petrie: Scarabs and cylinders with names (1917), available copyright-free here, pl. XXI, n. 15.1
- ^ Scarab of 'Aper-'Anati, catalog of the Petrie Museum
- ^ Scarab seal of Aperanat on Digital Egypt
- ^ a b c Kim Ryholt: The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800–1550 BC, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997, excerpts available online here.
- ISBN 3-8053-2591-6
- ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9, 2008, p. 60–61
- ISBN 0-19-280458-8, [1]
- ISBN 978-9042922280, p. 56, n. 6
- ISBN 978-0900416019, see p. 30, seal No. 318