Apoidea
| Apoidea | |
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Apis mellifera , the western honeybee
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Suborder: | Apocrita |
| Superfamily: | Apoidea Latreille, 1802 |
| Subgroups | |
Incertae sedis | |
The
paraphyletic, and this has led to a reclassification to produce monophyletic families.[1]
Nomenclature
Bees appear in recent classifications to be a specialized lineage of "
paraphyletic
group and has been abandoned).
As bees (not including their wasp ancestors) are still considered a
monophyletic group, they are given a grouping between superfamily and family to unify all bees, Anthophila.[2]
Phylogeny
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This
Heterogynaidae nests within the Bembicidae, as defined by these authors.[1] These findings differ in several details from studies published by two other sets of authors in 2017, though all three studies demonstrate a paraphyletic "Crabronidae."[4][5]
| Apoidea |
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References
- ^ a b Manuela Sann, Oliver Niehuis, Ralph S. Peters, Christoph Mayer, Alexey Kozlov, Lars Podsiadlowski, Sarah Bank, Karen Meusemann, Bernhard Misof, Christoph Bleidorn and Michael Ohl (2018) Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees. BMC Evolutionary Biology 18:71. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1155-8
- ^ Engel, M.S. (2005). Family-group names for bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). American Museum Novitates 3476: 1–33.
- PMID 24094856.
- PMID 28376325.
- PMID 28343967.
Further reading
- ISBN 978-0-521-82149-0.
- Michener, C.D.(2000). The Bees of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Apoidea.
- All Living Things Images, identification guides, and maps of Apoidea.
- Solitary Bees Popular introduction to the Hymenoptera Apoidea.
- Fiori e Api d'Albore and Intoppa Flower visiting bees in Europe pdf. In Italian but excellent table with Latin names.
- Native Bees of North America