Applied Scholastics
Applied Scholastics International | |
Los Angeles, California | |
Coordinates | 34°06′06″N 118°20′38″W / 34.101723°N 118.343791°W |
---|---|
Parent organization | Association for Better Living and Education[2][3]: 171n |
Affiliations | Church of Scientology |
Website | appliedscholastics |
Formerly called | Applied Scholastics Incorporated (1972–2000) |
[1] |
Applied Scholastics (APS) is an organization that promotes and licenses the use of study techniques created by L. Ron Hubbard, the founder of Scientology. Applied Scholastics is operated by the Church of Scientology.
Overview
Applied Scholastics, abbreviated "APS", was founded in 1972 by the Church of Scientology in order to disseminate L. Ron Hubbard's learning and teaching methods outside of a religious context. However, Hubbard's methods, which he called "
Applied Scholastics is classified as a
Applied Scholastics was included in the
Applied Scholastics has closely managed several service organizations, including:
- Applied Scholastics Hollywood—formerly called the Hollywood Education and Literacy Project (HELP).[12][9]
- Education Alive[5]: 392 [4]
- Effective Education Association in the UK[5]: 392
- Literacy, Education and Abilities Program (LEAP), which was associated with the Mission of Scientology of Memphis[11]
- World Literacy Crusade[10]: 9
Study Tech
Study Tech is a teaching methodology developed by L. Ron Hubbard.
Hubbard's theories on education describe three "barriers to learning". The first is the absence of mass, pertaining to the lack of a physical object relating to a concept. The second is a steep study "gradient", meaning a necessary previous step was skipped to master a skill. The third is the "misunderstood word", which necessitates looking up unclear words in the dictionary.[13]
Students are taught that "misunderstood words" are a major cause of confusion and misunderstanding. They are taught to use dictionaries extensively. Emphasis is also put on making sure children are taught at a "gradient", so that a subject's crucial elementary concepts come before more difficult concepts. "Mass" is described as a measure of mental tangibility that students ascribe to a subject, so that students have a picture in their mind of the thing they are learning about.[14]
Applied Scholastics licenses
Publishing
Applied Scholastics markets several books that are "
- Learning How to Learn. 1992.
- Study Skills for Life. 1992.
- Basic Study Manual. 1990.
- How to Use a Dictionary. 1990.
- Grammar and Communication. 1992.
- Communicating is Fun. 1992.
Though the books contain a biography of Hubbard, they omit mentioning his role as the founder of Scientology. The books do not mention any connection with Scientology.[19]
Applied Scholastics has also teamed up with educational publisher
Criticism and controversy
In the 1980's Applied Scholastics, Inc., operating as a management consulting group and boasting a stable of high-tech clients, was the subject of a legal dispute between one of their clients, Applied Materials (AM), and three of AM's former employees. The former employees sued AM claiming they were driven out of the company after they complained about the Applied Scholastics training seminars and "refused to be trained under the doctrines of L. Ron Hubbard's Church of Scientology". Applied Scholastics was also named as a defendant in the suit. Employees at AM confirmed that "Scientology teachings were used regularly by the company during self-improvement and confidence seminars led by a company called Applied Scholastics". AM settled for an estimated $600,000 and admitted the company "lacked sensitivity with regard to the controversial nature of L. Ron Hubbard".[22][23]
In 1998, the group submitted five of its books for approval as supplemental classroom texts to the
In the aftermath of
Some parents were upset when Applied Scholastics methods were introduced in September 2008 at Bambolino
The
In 2013, a group of charter schools in Phoenix, Arizona came under criticism for using tools provided by Applied Scholastics.[28]
See also
Notes
- Bridge Publications, on the grounds that: "Mr. Hubbard was the author of the ideas and the technology of study... As they are Mr. Hubbard's ideas and methodologies, and his alone, Bridge Publications assigned the credit where it is incontrovertibly due, to L. Ron Hubbard, the originator." (Scott D. Welch, Senior Vice President of Bridge Publications, in a letter to the editor of Education Week, published October 10, 1997)" [17]
References
- ^ a b "Corporate documents". Secretary of State of California. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
- ^ Mantesso, Sean (May 4, 2019). "Scientology's controversial push to enter schools with learning material — including in Australia". ABC News (Australia).
- ^ OL 24881847M.
- ^ a b "Excerpt from The Command Channels of Scientology" (PDF). Church of Scientology. p. 21. Retrieved January 26, 2024 – via David S. Touretzky.
- ^ OL 9429654M.
- ^ Tighe, Mark (September 24, 2017). "Scientologists target schoolchildren". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on September 13, 2023. Retrieved September 24, 2017.
- ^ "Scientology's Education Fronts - Applied Scholastics International". studytech.org. 2007. Archived from the original on May 14, 2008.
- ^ "Scientology Settles With IRS". The Wall Street Journal. December 30, 1997.
- ^ a b "Literacy program for adults and children". Hollywood Education and Literacy Project. Archived from the original on January 28, 2001. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
- ^ OL 16943235M.
- ^ a b "Philanthropy - LEAP". Lisa Marie Presley. Archived from the original on February 4, 2005.
- ^ "About". Applied Scholastics Hollywood. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
- ISSN 0277-4232.
- ^ St. Petersburg Times. Archivedfrom the original on September 19, 2008. Retrieved November 2, 2008.
- ^ ABLE license contract for the use of Applied Scholastics trademarks (PDF format. Archived March 18, 2005)
- .
There are also many books published by Scientology organisations as "based on the works of L. Ron Hubbard". These usually are selected and thematically linked passages from his original books.
- ^ a b
- ^ "Effective Education Publishing : A division of Applied Scholastics". effectiveeducationpublishing.org. Archived from the original on March 16, 2021.
Effective Education Publishing is a division of Applied Scholastics International. Applied Scholastics is a non-profit educational institution that provides educational materials and services based on the works of ... L. Ron Hubbard.
- ^ Farley, Robert (May 20, 2007). "Church tutors embrace methods : An East Tampa pastor stands united with Hubbard's study technology program". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013.
- ^ "The Applied Scholastics Educator's Package". Applied Scholastics Spanish Lake.
- Heron Books.
- ^ "Scientologizing". Forbes. September 14, 1992. p. 25.
- The Business Journal. 5 (50).
- ^ Szalanski, Andrea (Spring 1998). "'Clearing' Johnny to read". Free Inquiry. 18 (2): 12.
- ^ Hinman, Kristen (October 26, 2005). "L Is for L. Ron - The state approves a tutoring program linked to Scientology, and everybody cries foul". Riverfront Times. Village Voice Media. Retrieved July 25, 2007.
- ^ "Scientology link at Montessori school alarms parents". CBC News. September 18, 2009. Archived from the original on September 23, 2008. Retrieved September 19, 2008.
- ^
- Mcwhirter, Cameron; Vogell, Heather (March 1, 2009). "Controversial church linked to tutors on state list". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
- "Ca. officials investigate tutoring firm's links to scientology church". Church & State. Vol. 62, no. 4. Americans United for Separation of Church and State. April 2009.
- ^ O'Dowd, Peter (March 27, 2013). "Phoenix Schools Under Fire for Program Linked to Scientology". NPR.
Further reading
- Welkos, Robert W.; Sappell, Joel (June 27, 1990). "Church Seeks Influence in Schools, Business, Science". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 2, 2008. Retrieved October 4, 2007.
- Behar, Richard (May 6, 1991). "The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power". Time. Archived from the original on October 2, 2007. Retrieved October 4, 2007.
- Walsh, Jeff (March 1, 1998). "A broader look at the organization". Inside the Church of Scientology. Boston Herald.
- Mallia, Joseph (March 2, 1998). "Scientology Unmasked - Milton school shades ties to Scientology". Boston Herald.
- Di Matteo, Enzo (December 16, 1998). "Scientology wants city's kids - Controversial group tries to spruce up its image with its own brand of back-to-basics schooling". Now. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved July 25, 2007.
- Doward, Jamie (May 16, 2004). "Lure of the celebrity sect". Special reports. The Observer. Archived from the original on November 6, 2007. Retrieved October 4, 2007.
- Jacobs, Robin (September 1, 2004). "Is Scientology in Your Schools?" (PDF). The Humanist. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 29, 2008. Retrieved October 4, 2007.
- Hinman, Kristen (December 7, 2005). "Applied Pressure - Should St. Louis County grant tax breaks to Scientology-linked tutoring programs?". Riverfront Times. Village Voice Media. Retrieved October 4, 2007.
- Kleinhubbert, Guido (June 22, 2006). "Scientology in Germany: Suspicious Tutoring". Spiegel Online. Der Spiegel. Archived from the original on August 25, 2007. Retrieved October 4, 2007.
- Murphy, Kevin (December 15, 2006). "Odenwald Critical Of Campisi's 3 Absences". Webster-Kirkwood Times. Retrieved October 4, 2007.
- Didcock, Barry (February 17, 2007). "Hubbard Love". Sunday Herald. Archived from the original on August 30, 2008. Retrieved October 4, 2007.
- Stark, Holger; Rosenbach, Marcel (March 27, 2007). "Scientology's New European Offensive: The March of the 'Orgs'". Spiegel Online. Der Spiegel. Archived from the original on August 19, 2007. Retrieved October 4, 2007.
- Eighinger, Steve (June 2, 2007). "Quincy to be Literacy Center's main office". Quincy Herald Whig. Archived from the original on August 19, 2007. Retrieved October 4, 2007.
- Sedensky, Matt (August 11, 2007). "Scientologists find unlikely allies in other faiths". Florida Times-Union. Associated Press. Archivedfrom the original on October 25, 2007. Retrieved October 4, 2007.
- Schultz, Frank (August 29, 2007). "School to use Hubbard theories". Janesville Gazette. Archived from the original on April 13, 2008. Retrieved October 4, 2007.
- Hilliard, Chloe (September 11, 2007). "Xenu Goes Uptown - Scientology Makes a Major Move into Harlem. But why?". Runnin' Scared. Village Voice. Archivedfrom the original on September 15, 2007. Retrieved October 4, 2007.