Appropriation bill
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An appropriation bill, also known as supply bill or spending bill, is a proposed law that authorizes the expenditure of government funds. It is a bill that sets money aside for specific spending.[1] In some democracies, approval of the legislature is necessary for the government to spend money.
In a
By country
India
An appropriation bill is a bill that authorizes the government to withdraw funds from the
New Zealand
In
The main Appropriation Bill is formally called an "Appropriation (Estimates) Bill", or, after assented to, an "Appropriation (Estimates) Act". Supplementary Budgetary legislation in New Zealand includes an annual "Appropriation (Confirmation and Validation) Bill", which serves to validate taxation and spending incurred in the previous year which fell outside the previous year's Budget, and "Imprest Supply Bills," typically several in a year, which grant interim authority to the Government to tax and spend.
Both Appropriation and Imprest Supply bills fall under the rubric of confidence and supply. A refusal by the House to pass such a Bill conventionally leads to either the resignation of the Government (unlikely, since there is usually no alternative Government immediately available) or to a dissolution of the House and a subsequent general election.
Philippines
In the Philippines, the Congress which consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate is mandated to pass a General Appropriation Bill annually.[6] If the Congress fails to pass a General Appropriation Bill for a fiscal year, the General Appropriation Act for the previous fiscal year would be used until a bill for the specific year is passed.[7]
United States
Under the presidential system, the support of the Congress for the President's appropriations requests is not necessary for the separately-elected President to remain in office, but it can severely limit the President's ability to govern effectively.
In the
An appropriation bill is used for actually providing money for "discretionary" programs. Appropriations are generally done on an annual basis, but multi-year appropriations are occasionally passed. According to the
According to the Origination Clause of the US Constitution, all bills for raising revenue, generally tax bills, must originate in the House of Representatives, similar to the Westminster system requirement for all money bills to originate in the lower house. Traditionally, appropriation bills originate in the House of Representatives.[10][11] House appropriations bills begin with "H.R.", meaning "House of Representatives." In reference to revenue bills, the Constitution also states that the "Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills." As with revenue bills, the Senate and House each drafts and considers its own appropriation bill. The Senate then cuts and pastes, substitutes the language of its version of a particular appropriation bill for the language of the House bill, and agrees to the bill as amended.
The United States House Committee on Appropriations and the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations have jurisdiction over appropriations bills.[12] Both committees have twelve matching subcommittees tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills. Other committees and lawmakers in Congress write legislation creating programs and reauthorizing old ones to continue. That legislation is called an authorization bill. Such legislation authorizes the programs to exist and expenditure of funds on them, but it cannot actually give them the money. That second step of granting the money is done in an appropriations bill. The appropriations committees have power because they can decide whether to fund the programs at the maximum level authorized, a lesser amount, or not at all.[13]
Appropriations bills in the United States can also come in the format of an
Annual appropriations are divided into 12 separate pieces of legislation:
- Agriculture,
- Commerce, Justice, and Science,
- Defense,
- Energy and Water,
- Financial Services,
- Homeland Security,
- Interior and Environment,
- Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education,
- Legislative,
- Military and Veterans,
- State and Foreign Operations,
- Transportation and Housing and Urban Development.
See also
- Appropriation Act (U.K.)
- Loss of supply
References
- ISBN 0-13-063085-3.
- ^ "Disagreements between the Houses" (PDF). House of Representatives Practice (6th ed.). Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
- ^ "Definition of Appropriation Bill | What is Appropriation Bill ? Appropriation Bill Meaning". The Economic Times. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ "Appropriation Acts to get automatically repealed, says law minister". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 12 May 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ Nair, Remya (20 March 2015). "Cabinet approves bill to repeal over 700 archaic laws". Mint. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ "Basic Concepts in Budgeting" (PDF). Office of the Ombudsman. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
- ^ "Reenacted Budget" (PDF). Department of Budget and Management. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
- ISBN 9780872893030.
- ^ Cohen, Andrew (28 September 2013). "The Odd Story of the Law That Dictates How Government Shutdowns Work". The Atlantic. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
- ISBN 978-1-60426-613-9.
- ^ "Forms of Congressional Action". How Our Laws Are Made. Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 21 July 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
- ^ a b Tollestrup, Jessica (23 February 2012). "The Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
- ISBN 978-0-87289-303-0.
- ^ Tollestrup, Jessica (23 February 2012). "The Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. p. 13. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
- Cost of Warwebsite
- ^ "Congressional Reports: Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan since 9/11". zFacts.org. 2006-04-24. Archived from the original on 2006-08-21. Retrieved 2006-08-15.