April 1924

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April 1, 1924: Adolf Hitler (far left) and three co-conspirators begin 5-year sentence in Germany's Landsberg Prison

The following events occurred in April 1924:

April 1, 1924 (Tuesday)

April 2, 1924 (Wednesday)

  • A huge monarchist demonstration was staged in Berlin on the occasion of the funeral for martyred criminal Wilhelm Dreyer, a German who died in a French prison after dynamiting a train in the Ruhr. Police struggled to prevent an unauthorized parade from forming in the wake of Dreyer's casket procession.[8][9]
  • On the Red Sea, the British cruise ship Clan McIver rescued more than 1,200 passengers, almost all of the Muslim pilgrims on their way to Mecca, from the British steamship SS Frangestan, a freighter which had caught fire after the ignition of its cargo of cotton. Clan McIver then delivered the 1,200 pilgrims to Port Sudan[10]
  • U.S. President Calvin Coolidge nominated Harlan Fiske Stone to be the new Attorney General of the United States, to replace Harry M. Daugherty, who had been fired by Coolidge on March 28.[11] Stone Was confirmed by voice vote in the U.S. Senate on April 7.[12]
  • The Italian government announced it was studying measures to take against Romania over its failure to pay its debts to Italy.[13]
  • The outlawing of the Bulgarian Communist Party, in the aftermath of the September Uprising that attempted to overthrow the Bulgarian government in 1923, was upheld by the Eastern European nation's Supreme Court.
  • Born: Bobby Ávila, Mexican-born baseball player, 1954 American League batting champion and Player of the Year, later the mayor of Veracruz and president of the Mexican League; in Veracruz (d. 2004)

April 3, 1924 (Thursday)

April 4, 1924 (Friday)

April 5, 1924 (Saturday)

  • In the town of Lilly, Pennsylvania, members of the Ku Klux Klan shot 22 people, two of them fatally, firing randomly into a crowd at the town's railroad station. The shooting happened after some residents of the town "played a stream of water from the town fire hose upon the visitors as they were marching back to the station." An estimated 500 Klansmen had arrived, uninvited, to Lilly and held a ceremony at a nearby field, then marched in a procession to the train, which was taking them to nearby Johnstown.[24] After the train arrived at Johnstown, the Klansmen were met by more than 50 police officers, who arrested 25 of the Klan members and confiscated fifty guns.[25] Four additional people, residents of Lilly, were arrested the next day and the 29 were charged with murder.[26][27]
  • The University of Cambridge rowing team won the 76th annual Boat Race along the River Thames.

April 6, 1924 (Sunday)

April 7, 1924 (Monday)

April 8, 1924 (Tuesday)

  • On recommendation of Prime Minister Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Sharia courts were abolished by vote of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, and the Islamic law judges (Qadis) were dismissed.[32]
  • British inventor Harry Grindell Matthews made a laboratory demonstration to reporters of his "death ray" that could, he said, disable aircraft engines, explode ammunition dumps, render firearms useless and injure entire armies from a great distance..[33]
  • France delivered 13 tons of gold ingots, worth US$6.5 million at the time, to English officers in the port city of Calais as part of France's efforts to stabilize the nation's currency, the franc.[34]

April 9, 1924 (Wednesday)

  • The committee headed by Charles G. Dawes submitted its plan to reorganize the German economy and for the Allies to restructure the method of reparations payments. Among the changes were that while the Allies would retain military rights in occupied territory, Germany would retain control of its railways and industries, with some Allied supervision, and Germans would pay taxes similar to the rates of other nations. Payments would be adjusted upward or downward "according to an index of prosperity", with a neutral American observer being the judge of Germany's capacity to pay.[35][36]
  • Pope Pius XI abruptly canceled plans to become the first Roman Catholic Pontiff since 1870 to travel outside of Vatican City. The Pope had been scheduled to one-half mile out of the walls of the Vatican and into Rome in order to dedicate the new building for the Knights of Columbus, but decided, after banner headlines in papers in Rome and around the world to remain "a voluntary prisoner" inside the Vatican. His decision came 30 minutes before he was due to arrive. Appearing in his place was the Papal Secretary of State, Cardinal Gasparri.[37]
  • The U.S. state of Mississippi authorized the creation of Delta State Teachers College, now Delta State University, to be built in Cleveland, Mississippi, with the signing of legislation by Governor Henry L. Whitfield.[38]
  • Born:

April 10, 1924 (Thursday)

  • The first large-scale train robbery in Greece took place shortly after 12 masked and armed bandits boarded a train at the Doxaras railway station en route to Thessaloniki. Among the passengers were the Minister of Social Welfare and a former governor of Macedonia, and the bandits escaped with 400,000 drachmas of cash and valuables. The bandits apparently had been planning to board a train scheduled to carry Prime Minister Alexandros Papanastasiou, but Papanastasiou's train had not arrived at the time that the other train departed.[40]
  • King Ferdinand and Queen Marie of Romania arrived in Paris on a royal visit. Though officially only a friendly visit, it was widely believed that Romania was seeking an alliance with France due to unfriendly relations with Russia, Spain and Italy.[41]
  • The Dawes Plan committee urged all nations concerned to enact the plan quickly before conditions in Germany changed.[42]
  • The Des Moines, Iowa radio station WHO began broadcasting as one of the "clear-channel station" permitted to operate 24 hours a day.[43]
  • Born:
    British India
    (d. 2012)
  • Died: Hugo Stinnes, 54, German industrialist and politician who was the wealthiest man in Germany after World War One until his death, died a month after gall bladder surgery.[44]

April 11, 1924 (Friday)

  • Voting was held in Denmark for all 149 seats of the Folketing, the European nation's unicameral parliament.[45] Thorvald Stauning's Socialdemokratiet party won a plurality of the seats, gaining seven to change the balance of power from 51 to 48 for the liberal Venstre party (led by Prime Minister Niels Neergaard, to a 55 to 44 lead by the Social Democrats.[46] Stauning would form a coalition government on April 23.
  • Japan's Ambassador to the United States, Masanao Hanihara, had a letter presented to U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes, warning him of "the grave consequences" that would come if the U.S. Senate followed the House of Representatives in passing the Immigration Act of 1924, specifically targeted against Asian nations, refusing to increase the quota of Japanese citizens who would be allowed to immigrate to the United States. Hughes transmitted the note to the Chairman of the Senate Immigration Committee, LeBaron B. Colt.[47] On April 19, the U.S. Senate voted, 62 to 6, to pass the bill.[48]
  • At 6:00 in the morning, the U.S. state of Arizona closed its border with the state of California, barring all automobile traffic at the two entry points, Yuma, Arizona and Needles, California.[49] Before the enactment of the border closing, all vehicles entering from California were disinfected, at the travelers' expense, as part of a quarantine to prevent an outbreak of hoof-and-mouth disease.
  • A crowd of 4,000 Germans at a concert staged a pro-monarchist demonstration in Breslau in favor of having the former heir to the German throne, Crown Prince Wilhelm, to return to Germany as Kaiser Wilhelm III.[50]
  • The German Association of Industry released a statement expressing approval of the Dawes Plan.[51]
  • Sigma Phi Delta, a professional fraternity of male engineering students, was founded at the University of Southern California. It has 25 chapters, and is limited to men in ABET-accredited colleges of engineering.
  • Died: Karl Oenike, 62, German landscape painter and photographer known for his detailed information of locations in South America.

April 12, 1924 (Saturday)

  • A scandal broke within the U.S. Navy after a radio operator discovered that members of the crew of the battleship
    The San Francisco Examiner
    in 1928.
  • Charles G. Dawes visited Rome and met with Benito Mussolini, who expressed his support for the reparations plan.[54]
  • The U.S. House of Representatives Voted, 322 to 71, to pass the Japanese Exclusion Act.[55]
  • France's Prime Minister Raymond Poincare announced the dissolution of the French National Assembly and President Alexandre Millerand signed the decree, setting new elections for May 11.[56]
  • The first international soccer football game at Wembley Stadium was played between England and Scotland, ending in 1 to 1 draw, with Billy Walker of England scoring the first goal.[57]
  • Based in Chicago, WLS, one of the major AM radio stations in the U.S., went on the air for the first time after being purchased by the Sears, Roebuck and Company department store chain and catalog merchant. The station changed its name from WBBX to WLS to reflect that it was broadcasting for the "World's Largest Store."[58]
  • Born:

April 13, 1924 (Sunday)

April 14, 1924 (Monday)

April 15, 1924 (Tuesday)

  • The Japan Times called for a boycott of California if the United States passed the Immigration Act, putting the blame for the bill on that state.[69]
  • France's Prime Minister Poincare, in his speech to open his campaign in the May elections for parliament, indicated "in his own peculiar way"[70] that his government would accept the Dawes Plan for restructuring reparations. Poincare told his audience, "There can't be a question of retiring from the Ruhr until Germany pays us what is due us," and that he would reoccupy the Ruhr again if necessary.
  • Born:
  • Died: Mary Pellatt, 66, Canadian philanthropist and the first Chief Commissioner of the Girl Guides of Canada.

April 16, 1924 (Wednesday)

April 17, 1924 (Thursday)

The original MGM lion logo, c. 1926

April 18, 1924 (Friday)

  • The Plaza Publishing Company, which would become
    crossword puzzles ever published. Although the crossword had been invented in 1913 and the puzzles were a feature in daily newspapers, the book compiled "50 Brand New Puzzles". Retailing at $1.35 per copy and included an attached pencil, becoming a popular bestseller.[81][82]
  • Argentine aviator Raúl Pateras Pescara set a new world record by flying a helicopter almost half a mile— 2,415 feet (736 m)— at an average height of 6 feet (1.8 meters).[83]
  • A group of 700 frustrated drivers from California attempted to break through Arizona's quarantine closure of the border at Yuma, before being stopped by troops of the Arizona National Guard. After speeding past guards on the bridge over the Colorado River, drivers who made it into Arizona were forced to retreat back to California after encountering a cordon of guards who used fire hoses to repulse vehicle that tried to drive further.[84][85]
  • A fire at Curran's Hall on 1363 Blue Island Avenue in Chicago killed seven firemen and injured 18 others, when the building collapsed and buried the firefighters, all of whom were members of Hook and Ladder Truck Company No. 12.[86][87]
  • Born:
  • Died:Frank Xavier Leyendecker, 48, German-born American commercial artist known for his covers for Vogue, Vanity Fair, and Life magazines, died of a morphine overdose.[89]

April 19, 1924 (Saturday)

  • National Barn Dance, one of the first popular weekly radio shows, was introduced on the Chicago radio station WLS, running from 8 to 12 in the evening central time as an "old time fiddlers program" played by the Hotel Sherman orchestra. As a "clear-channel" broadcaster whose signal could be heard at 870 kHz on AM radio, the WLS program could in much of the North America and was soon licensed to other clear-channel stations. In 1933, National Barn Chance would be picked up by the NBC Red Network, before moving to the ABC Radio Network in 1946, and would remain a regular Saturday evening program until 1952.[90]
  • Died: Paul Boyton, 75, American swimmer, water sports promoter and ornithologist, known for creating (in 1895) the Sea Lion Park on Brooklyn's Coney Island as the first modern amusement park in the U.S., and the "Shoot-the Shoots" ride.[91]

April 20, 1924 (Sunday)

April 21, 1924 (Monday)

Duse on the cover of Time, nine months before her death
  • Died: Eleonora Duse, 65, Italian stage actress[102] and the first woman to be featured on the cover of Time magazine (issue of July 30, 1923)[103]

April 22, 1924 (Tuesday)

April 23, 1924 (Wednesday)

April 24, 1924 (Thursday)

April 25, 1924 (Friday)

April 26, 1924 (Saturday)

April 27, 1924 (Sunday)

April 28, 1924 (Monday)

April 29, 1924 (Tuesday)

April 30, 1924 (Wednesday)

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