April 1948

April 5, 1948 (Monday)

• The Gatow air disaster occurred when a British European Airways airliner crashed near RAF Gatow air base in southwest Berlin after a mid-air collision with a Soviet Yakovlev Yak-3 fighter plane.
• The Queensland railway strike ended in Australia.
• WGN-TV went on the air, operating from the Tribune Tower in Chicago.
• Died: Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, 73, American socialite and philanthropist

April 6, 1948 (Tuesday)

• Finland and the Soviet Union signed a ten-year military pact that would obligate Finland to resist an armed attack made against Russia by Germany, but allowing Soviet troops to enter Finland "only in case of necessity and only on such terms as may be agreed on between the two countries."^[4]
• On Budget Day in the United Kingdom, Chancellor of the Exchequer Sir Stafford Cripps submitted a budget showing estimated revenue of £3.754 billion against an expenditure of £2.976 billion, with a projected surplus of £330 million once all government expenditures were taken into account.^[5] The budget added a graduated tax on investment income and raised taxes on alcohol and gambling, but increased tax allowances on earned income.^[6]
• A Czech Airlines commercial plane en route from Prague to Bratislava was hijacked and flown to the US-controlled zone of Germany near Munich. Three of the crew and most of the 26 passengers aboard were in on the plot and were seeking political asylum. All but five passengers and one crew member told the American authorities that they wanted to stay in Germany rather than go back to Czechoslovakia.^[7]
• The US Golf Association barred Babe Zaharias from playing in the US Open by amending its rules to restrict applicants to men. "As the championship has always been intended to be for men, the eligibility rules have been rephrased to confirm that condition," a communication from the USGA explained.^[8]

April 7, 1948 (Wednesday)

• The World Health Organization was established.
• Born: John Oates, guitarist, singer, songwriter and half of the rock duo Hall & Oates, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
• Died: Isabel Andreu de Aguilar, 60, Puerto Rican writer and suffragist

April 8, 1948 (Thursday)

• The Burmese government announced the start of full-scale military operations against guerrillas in Communist-held parts of the country.^[9]
• Died: Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, 40 or 41, Palestinian military leader (killed in the Palestine War)

April 9, 1948 (Friday)

• The Deir Yassin massacre took place when around 120 fighters from Zionist military groups attacked the Palestinian Arab village of Deir Yassin, killing at least 107 Palestinians.
• Bogotazo: Massive riots took place in Bogotá, Colombia after the assassination of presidential candidate Jorge Eliécer Gaitán.
• Died: George Carpenter, 75, 5th General of The Salvation Army; Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, 45, Colombian politician (assassinated)

April 10, 1948 (Saturday)

• The Einsatzgruppen trial ended in Nuremberg. 14 of the 24 defendants were sentenced to death; the others received prison sentences of varying lengths.
• Burma's application for membership in the United Nations was approved, but the Soviet Union vetoed Italy's application for the third time.^[10]

April 11, 1948 (Sunday)

• Claude Harmon won the Masters Tournament.
• Died: Jock Sutherland, 59, American football player and coach

April 12, 1948 (Monday)

• US Secretary of Defense James Forrestal told a Senate committee that Russia knew how to make an atomic bomb, but thus far lacked the industrial capacity for their manufacture. When members of the committee asked him when Russia might attain this capacity, Forrestal replied that he did not know.^[11]
• On the third anniversary of the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt, a 10-foot high memorial statue sculpted by William Reid Dick was unveiled in London's Grosvenor Square by his widow Eleanor Roosevelt. King George VI gave a speech praising the 32nd President as "a great man of peace and a great citizen of the world."^[12][13]
• Born: Jeremy Beadle, television and radio presenter, in Hackney, London, England (d. 2008); Joschka Fischer, politician, in Gerabronn, Germany; Marcello Lippi, footballer and manager, in Viareggio, Italy

April 13, 1948 (Tuesday)

• The
  Hadassah Hospital on Mount Scopus
  was ambushed by Arab forces, killing 79.
• The 1948 Constitution of Romania was ratified.
• A ceasefire went into effect in the Costa Rican Civil War as an end to the month-old conflict was reported to be imminent.^[14]
• Born: Mikhail Shufutinsky, pop singer, in Moscow, USSR

April 14, 1948 (Wednesday)

• By a vote of 245-222, the British House of Commons approved a five-year moratorium on capital punishment.^[15]
• The Toronto Maple Leafs defeated the Detroit Red Wings 7-2 to win their second straight Stanley Cup in a four-game sweep.

April 15, 1948 (Thursday)

• Pan American World Airways Lockheed Constellation passenger plane flying from London to Shannon Airport
  in Ireland crashed 725 meters short of the runway, killing 30 of the 31 aboard.
• The ten-day Battle of Mishmar HaEmek ended in a successful Jewish counteroffensive that captured several Arab villages.
• Born: Michael Kamen, composer, in New York City (d. 2003)
• Died: Manuel Roxas, 56, 5th President of the Philippines

April 16, 1948 (Friday)

• José Arce of Argentina was elected President of the United Nations General Assembly by a vote of 31-18.^[16]
• Born: Ammar El Sherei, musician, in Samalut, Egypt (d. 2012); Kazuyuki Sogabe, voice actor and musician, in Chiba Prefecture, Japan (d. 2006)

April 17, 1948 (Saturday)

• Fighting resumed in the Costa Rican Civil War after a four-day truce, although peace talks continued.^[17]
• Elpidio Quirino became the 6th President of the Philippines the day after Manuel Roxas died in office.
• A controversy began in Britain when the
  Daily Herald published a telegram apparently signed by thirty-seven Labour Party MPs wishing success to Pietro Nenni, an Italian socialist politician whose party was in an alliance with the Communists for the upcoming election.^[18] When reached for comment, fifteen of the MPs in question would either say that they did not sign the telegram, claim that they only did so through a misunderstanding, or withdraw their support.^[19][20]
• Born:
  Czecheslovakia; Peter Jenni, experimental particle physicist, in Arzier-Le Muids
  , Switzerland
• Died: Kantarō Suzuki, 80, Japanese admiral and 42nd Prime Minister of Japan

April 18, 1948 (Sunday)

• General elections were held in Italy. The Christian Democracy party won a plurality of seats by a comfortable margin.

April 19, 1948 (Monday)

• Burma was formally admitted as the 58th member of the United Nations.^[21]
• A copper mine explosion in Catapalca, Peru killed 41 miners.^[22]
• Gérard Côté won the Boston Marathon for the fourth time.^[23]

April 20, 1948 (Tuesday)

• The
  election for the 1st-term President and Vice-President of the Republic of China was held, with Chiang Kai-shek
  claiming over 90% of the vote.
• A Munich denazification court convicted Fritz Julius Kuhn in absentia as a Nazi offender and sentenced him to 10 years in a labor camp and confiscation of property.^[24]
• Labor union leader Walter Reuther survived an assassination attempt when a shotgun blast was fired through the kitchen window of his Detroit home, with one slug entering his right arm and a second in his right chest cavity. Reuther was rushed to hospital where he received a blood transfusion.^[25]
• New York Giants and was hit by the pitch in his only plate appearance.^[27]
• Died: Mitsumasa Yonai, 68, Japanese admiral and 37th Prime Minister of Japan

April 21, 1948 (Wednesday)

• The Battle of Haifa began as Haganah forces launched an attack on the Arab neighborhoods of Haifa.
• The United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 47 on the Kashmir conflict, recommending a three-step progress for the resolution of the dispute.
• British European Airways Flight S200P, a Vickers 610 Viking 1B airliner, crashed in North Ayrshire, Scotland. All 20 on board survived.
• In Washington, Justice
  Taft-Hartley Act.^[28]
• The
  Baltimore Bullets defeated the Philadelphia Warriors 88-73 to win the Basketball Association of America Finals
  , four games to two.
• Born: Josef Flammer, ophthalmologist, in Bronschhofen, St. Gallen, Switzerland

April 22, 1948 (Thursday)

• The Battle of Haifa ended in Haganah victory.
• The Palmach launched Operation Yevusi to assert Jewish control over Jerusalem.
• The
  Boeing strike of 1948
  began when 15,000 Boeing Union members went on strike.
• The controversial "Nenni Telegram" dogged the Labour Government in the House of Commons, with Herbert Morrison and Winston Churchill sparring over the question of whether the matter was an internal problem for the Labour Party or one that concerned the entire House.^[29]

April 23, 1948 (Friday)

• The UN Security Council voted 8-0 to set up a three-power commission consisting of Belgium, France and the United States to supervise the implementation of a truce in Palestine.^[30]
• Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria signed a 20-year mutual defense pact.^[31]
• Born: Charles R. Johnson, scholar and author, in Evanston, Illinois

April 24, 1948 (Saturday)

• The Costa Rican Civil War ended in victory for the National Liberation Army. Approximately 2,000 people are believed to have died in the 44-day conflict.
• A mob of 1,500 Koreans rioted in Kobe, Japan in protest against the closing of Korean schools.^[32]
• FA Cup Final at Wembley Stadium
  .
• Born: Gregory S. Martin, US Air Force general, in Fort Myer, Virginia
• Died: Manuel Ponce, 65, Mexican composer

April 25, 1948 (Sunday)

• Former Egyptian Prime Minister
  Mostafa El-Nahas survived an assassination attempt when three men dressed in police uniforms blew up a car packed with explosives at his home and escaped in a second car. El-Nahas was not hurt although his wife was injured slightly by flying glass.^[33]
• The New York Times Fiction Best Seller list
  .