Aquiline nose

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"Roman nose" redirects here. For the Cheyenne warrior, see
Roman Nose
.

An "aquiline" nasal profile
Notes on Noses: "It indicates great decision, considerable Energy, Firmness, Absence of Refinement, and disregard for the bienseances of life".[1]

An aquiline nose (also called a Roman nose) is a human nose with a prominent bridge, giving it the appearance of being curved or slightly bent. The word aquiline comes from the Latin word aquilinus ("eagle-like"), an allusion to the curved beak of an eagle.[2][3][4] While some have ascribed the aquiline nose to specific ethnic, racial, or geographic groups, and in some cases associated it with other supposed non-physical characteristics (i.e. intelligence, status, personality, etc., see below), no scientific studies or evidence support any such linkage. As with many phenotypical expressions (e.g. 'widow's peak', eye color, earwax type) it is found in many geographically diverse populations.

Distribution

Some writers in the field of

Spanish.[5] Racial theorist William Z. Ripley argued that it is characteristic of peoples of Teutonic descent.[6]

In racialist discourse

In racialist discourse, especially that of post-Enlightenment Western scientists and writers, a Roman nose has been characterized as a marker of beauty and nobility,[7] but the notion itself is found early on in Plutarch, in his description of Mark Antony.[8] The supposed science of physiognomy, popular during the Victorian era, made the "prominent" nose a marker of Aryanness: "the shape of the nose and the cheeks indicated, like the forehead's angle, the subject's social status and level of intelligence. A Roman nose was superior to a snub nose in its suggestion of firmness and power, and heavy jaws revealed a latent sensuality and coarseness".[9]

Among Native Americans

Chief Henry Roman Nose

The aquiline nose was deemed a distinctive feature of some

The Hook Nose, or Chief Henry Roman Nose).[5] In the depiction of Native Americans, for instance, an aquiline nose is one of the standard traits of the "noble warrior" type.[10] It is so important as a cultural marker that Renee Ann Cramer, a non-Native legal scholar, argued in Cash, Color, and Colonialism (2005), that tribes without such characteristics have found it difficult to receive "federal recognition"/"acknowledgement" (which are specific/significant terms) from the US government, resulting in failure to win benefits including tax-exempt status, reclamation rights, and the right to administer and profit from casinos.[11]

Among populations in Africa

Ramses II
with an aquiline, "hook nose"

The flat, broad nose is ubiquitous among most populations in

lepthorrine), which are instead deemed "Caucasian".[12]

In the 1930s, an aquiline nose was reported to be regarded as a characteristic of beauty for girls among the Tswana and Xhosa people. However, a recent scholar could not discern from the original study "whether such preferences were rooted in precolonial conceptions of beauty, a product of colonial racial hierarchies, or some entanglement of the two".[14] A well-known example of the aquiline nose as a marker in Africa contrasting the bearer with their contemporaries is the protagonist of Aphra Behn's Oroonoko (1688). Although an African prince, he speaks French, has straightened hair, thin lips, and a "nose that was rising and Roman instead of African and flat".[15] These features set him apart from most of his peers, and marked him instead as noble and on par with Europeans.[16][17][18]

According to craniometric analysis by

Fellahin of Egypt, two distinct nasal types reportedly exist: one with a narrow, aquiline nose accompanied by a slim face, slender jaw and thin lips; the other with a slightly lower rooted, straight-to-concave nose, accompanied by a wider and lower face, a strong jaw, prominent chin, and moderately full lips.[21]

Among South Asian peoples

Head of a bodhisattva, a depiction of Aquiline noses in Greco-Buddhist art of the ancient Gandhara civilisation of South Asia

Among South Asian ethnic groups, the aquiline nose type is most common among the peoples of

Kashmiri Pandit]. Raise a little the brow of a Greek statue and give the nose a small turn at the bony point in front of the bridge, so as to break the straightness of the line, you have the model type of this part of India, to be found both in living men and in the statues of the Peshawar Valley.[25]

See also

References

  1. ^ Jabet, George (1852). Notes on Noses. Richard Bentley. p. 9.
  2. ^ Eliza Cook (1851). Eliza Cook's Journal. J. O. Clark. p. 381.
  3. ISBN 978-1-57607-603-3
    . He matured into a powerfully built man, tall, muscular, with an aquiline profile that gave rise to the name Woquni, or "Hook Nose." The whites translated this into the more familiar moniker of Roman Nose. In his early youth, Roman Nose ...
  4. ^ Henry Neuman; Giuseppe Marco Antonio Baretti (1827). Neuman and Baretti's Dictionary of the Spanish and English Languages: Spanish and English. Hilliard, Gray, Little, and Wilkins. p. 65. Aquiline, resembling an eagle ; when applied to the nose, hooked.
  5. ^ a b Czekanowski, Jan (1934). Człowiek w Czasie i Przestrzeni (eng. A Human in Time and Space) - The lexicon of biological anthropology. Kraków, Poland: Trzaska, Ewert i Michalski - Bibljoteka Wiedzy.
  6. S2CID 145454002
    .
  7. JSTOR 20700234
    .
  8. ISBN 9780806137414
    .
  9. JSTOR 20083988
    .
  10. S2CID 144674479
    .
  11. S2CID 144941744
    .
  12. ^
    PMID 19449295
    .
  13. JSTOR 27868287
    .
  14. S2CID 163074804
    .
  15. ISBN 9780819165299
    .
  16. ISBN 9781887178983
    .
  17. ISBN 9789004085138
    .
  18. ISBN 9780748678754
    .
  19. ^ Coon, Carleton (1939). The Races of Europe. The Macmillan Company. p. Chapter XI, Section 13 - Eastern Barbary, Algeria and Tunisia. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
  20. ^ Coon, Carleton (1939). The Races of Europe. The Macmillan Company. p. Chapter XI, Section 8 - The Mediterranean Race in East Africa. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
  21. ^ Coon, Carleton (1939). The Races of Europe. The Macmillan Company. p. Chapter XI, Section 9 - The Modern Egyptians. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
  22. ^ Roy, Sarat Chandra (1940). Man in India. A.K. Bose. p. 32. ...aquiline nose, eagle nose and owl nose. These nasal forms are to be found in Aghanistan, Dardistan and on the Pamirs.. They may also be found in Kashmir frequently and in the remainder of India amongst the Hindus of different castes..
  23. ISBN 9788120806382
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  24. ISBN 9788185880310
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  25. ISBN 9788176482363
    .

Further reading
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