Aquilops

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Aquilops
Temporal range:
Ma
↓
Skull seen from the sides, above, and below
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: †Ornithischia
Clade: †Ceratopsia
Infraorder: †
Neoceratopsia
Genus: †Aquilops
Farke et al., 2014
Species:
†A. americanus
Binomial name
†Aquilops americanus
Farke et al., 2014

Aquilops is an early herbivorous

ceratopsian dinosaur dating from the Early Cretaceous of North America
, approximately 109 million to 104 million years ago. The type species is A. americanus.

Description

Restoration

The skull is 84.2 mm long. The holotype is possibly not from a full-grown individual. A comparison with related species indicates it might have been at 60% of its adult length.[1] Wedel estimated the total body length of Aquilops at 60 cm and its weight at 1.5 kg.[1]

The authors established some unique traits. The rostral, the bone core of the snout beak, curves downwards and has an arched keel on its top with a bump on the front. In front of the tooth row the upper jaw rim is over its total length concave in side view. The skull opening, the antorbital fenestra, is twice as long as it is tall and has a pointed rear, below the eye socket.[1]

Discovery and naming

Restored skull

In 1997,

paleontologist Scott Madsen found the single fossil, a partial skull, in Carbon County in southern Montana. While preparing the specimen, at first assumed to be of Zephyrosaurus, he discovered that it was a species new to science.[2]

In 2014 the

basal neoceratopsian found in America.[1]

The holotype, OMNH 34557, was found in a layer of the Cloverly Formation, dating from the middle-late Albian. It consists of a skull with lower jaws, of a subadult individual. The rear of the head and the palate are the main lacking parts.[1] The specimen was found during a 1997 expedition supported by the National Geographic Society and directed by Cifelli.

Classification

Lower jaw
Cloverly formation environment with Gobiconodon pursuing juvenile Aquilops while adults attempt to protect them.
3D scan of the holotype cranium (click thumbnail to turn around)

Aquilops was placed in the

psittacosaurids, called neoceratopsians, evolved in Asia: the presence of a basal neoceratopsian in North America was seen as an indication for a late Early Cretaceous migration event, the ancestors of Aquilops invading from Asia. Two later such events would have occurred in the early Late Cretaceous.[1]

Marginocephalia

See also

References

  1. ^
    PMID 25494182
    .
  2. ^ Crofts, Natalie (2014-12-12). "Utah paleontologist shares tale of discovering cat-sized dinosaur". KSL.com. Salt Lake City: Deseret Digital Media. Retrieved 2014-12-23.

External links

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