arXiv
Type of site | Science |
---|---|
Available in | English |
Owner | Cornell University |
Created by | Paul Ginsparg |
URL | arxiv |
Commercial | No |
Launched | August 14, 1991 |
Current status | Online |
ISSN | 2331-8422 |
OCLC number | 228652809 |
arXiv (pronounced as "
History
arXiv was made possible by the compact
It began as a physics archive, called the
arXiv was an early adopter and promoter of
In September 2011, Cornell University Library took overall administrative and financial responsibility for arXiv's operation and development. Ginsparg was quoted in the
In January 2022, arXiv began assigning DOIs to articles, in collaboration with DataCite.[25]
Data format
Each arXiv paper has a unique identifier:
YYMM.NNNNN
, e.g.1507.00123
,YYMM.NNNN
, e.g.0704.0001
,arch-ive/YYMMNNN
for older papers, e.g.hep-th/9901001
.
Different versions of the same paper are specified by a version number at the end. For example, 1709.08980v1
. If no version number is specified, the default is the latest version.
arXiv uses a category system. Each paper is tagged with one or more categories. Some categories have two layers. For example, q-fin.TR
is the "Trading and Market Microstructure" category within "quantitative finance". Other categories have one layer. For example, hep-ex
is "high energy physics experiments".
Moderation process and endorsement
Although arXiv is not peer reviewed, a collection of moderators for each area review the submissions; they may recategorize any that are deemed off-topic,[26] or reject submissions that are not scientific papers, or sometimes for undisclosed reasons.[27] The lists of moderators for many sections of arXiv are publicly available,[28] but moderators for most of the physics sections remain unlisted.
Additionally, an "endorsement" system was introduced in 2004 as part of an effort to ensure content is relevant and of interest to current research in the specified disciplines.[29] Under the system, for categories that use it, an author must be endorsed by an established arXiv author before being allowed to submit papers to those categories. Endorsers are not asked to review the paper for errors but to check whether the paper is appropriate for the intended subject area.[26] New authors from recognized academic institutions generally receive automatic endorsement, which in practice means that they do not need to deal with the endorsement system at all. However, the endorsement system has attracted criticism for allegedly restricting scientific inquiry.[30][31]
A majority of the
While arXiv does contain some dubious e-prints, such as those claiming to refute famous theorems or proving famous conjectures such as Fermat's Last Theorem using only high-school mathematics, a 2002 article which appeared in Notices of the American Mathematical Society described those as "surprisingly rare".[35] arXiv generally re-classifies these works, e.g. in "General mathematics", rather than deleting them;[36] however, some authors have voiced concern over the lack of transparency in the arXiv screening process.[27]
Submission formats
Papers can be submitted in any of several formats, including LaTeX, and PDF printed from a word processor other than TeX or LaTeX. The submission is rejected by the arXiv software if generating the final PDF file fails, if any image file is too large, or if the total size of the submission is too large. arXiv now allows one to store and modify an incomplete submission, and only finalize the submission when ready. The time stamp on the article is set when the submission is finalized.
Access
The standard access route is through the arXiv.org website or one of several mirrors. Other interfaces and access routes have also been created by other un-associated organisations.
Finally, researchers can select sub-fields and receive daily e-mailings or
Copyright status of files
Files on arXiv can have a number of different copyright statuses:[38]
- Some are public domain, in which case they will have a statement saying so.
- Some are available under either the Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike license.
- Some are copyright to the publisher, but the author has the right to distribute them and has given arXiv a non-exclusive irrevocable license to distribute them.
- Most are copyright to the author, and arXiv has only a non-exclusive irrevocable license to distribute them.
See also
- BioRxiv
- PsyArXiv
- List of academic databases and search engines
- List of academic journals by preprint policy
- List of preprint repositories
- Sci-Hub
Citations
- [ χ ].
- ].
- ^ "Online Scientific Repository Hits Milestone: With 500,000 Articles, arXiv Established as Vital Library Resource". News.library.cornell.edu. October 3, 2008. Retrieved July 21, 2013.
- ^ Vence, Tracy (December 29, 2014), "One Million Preprints and Counting: A conversation with arXiv founder Paul Ginsparg", The Scientist
- ^ Drug Discovery & Development.
- ^ "Monthly Submissions". arxiv.org. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
- ^ "Reports – arXiv info". info.arxiv.org. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
- ^ "arXiv monthly submission rate statistics". Arxiv.org. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
- ^ "Image" (GIF). Cs.cornell.edu. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
- PMID 34377944.
- Bibcode:2000physics...7040O. Archived(PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
- S2CID 244015728.
- S2CID 244015728.
- ^ Ginsparg, Paul (October 1, 2008). "The global-village pioneers". Physics World. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
- S2CID 1527860.
- ^ "arXiv mirror sites". arXiv. Archived from the original on March 16, 2020. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
- ^ a b "Celebrating 30 Years of arXiv and Its Lasting Legacy on Scientific Advancement". SPARC. October 25, 2021.
- ^ Glanz, James (May 1, 2001). "The World of Science Becomes a Global Village; Archive Opens a New Realm of Research". The New York Times.
- ^ Bill Steele (September 23, 2002). "Cornell professor Paul Ginsparg, science communication rebel, named a MacArthur Foundation fellow; three other alumni also receive 'genius award' fellowships". Cornell Chronicle. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021.
- ^ "Cornell University Library arXiv Financial Projections for 2013-2017" (PDF). Confluence.cornell.edu. March 28, 2012. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
- ^ "arXiv Member Institutions (2021) - arXiv about - Our Members". arXiv.org. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
- ^ Fischman, Joah (August 10, 2011). "The First Free Research-Sharing Site, arXiv, Turns 20 With an Uncertain Future". Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved August 12, 2011.
- ^ "arXiv Scientific Advisory Board | arXiv e-print repository". arxiv.org. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
- ^ "About the Physics Archive | arXiv e-print repository". arxiv.org. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
- ^ "New arXiv articles are now automatically assigned DOIs". Retrieved April 4, 2023.
- ^
- ^ S2CID 189061969. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
- ^ Computing Research Repository Subject Areas and Moderators; Statistics archive; Quantitative Biology archive; Physics archive
- PMID 16988030
- S2CID 121442106,
The new endorsement system may contribute to an effective barrier, a digital divide
- PMID 15729314.
- arXiv:math.DG/0211159.
- Sydney Morning Herald.
- ^ Kaufman, Marc (July 2, 2010), "Russian mathematician wins $1 million prize, but he appears to be happy with $0", Washington Post
- ^ Jackson, Allyn (2002). "From Preprints to E-prints: The Rise of Electronic Preprint Servers in Mathematics" (PDF). Notices of the American Mathematical Society. 49 (1): 23–32.
- S2CID 4421407.
- ^ "Open Archives Initiative (OAI)". arxiv.org. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
- ^ "arXiv License Information". Arxiv.org. Retrieved July 21, 2013.
General and cited sources
- Butler, Declan (2003). "Biologists Join Physics Preprint Club". S2CID 4374168.
- Choi, Charles Q. (2003). "Biology's New Online Archive". The Scientist. Archived from the original on March 13, 2005. Retrieved June 21, 2005.
- Giles, Jim (2003). "Preprint Server Seeks Way to Halt Plagiarists". S2CID 29003994.
- Ginsparg, Paul (1997). "Winners and Losers in the Global Research Village". The Serials Librarian. 30 (3–4): 83–95. .
- Halpern, Joseph Y. (1998). "A Computing Research Repository". .
- Halpern, Joseph Y. (2000). "CoRR: A Computing Research Repository". S2CID 5453868.
- Luce, Richard E. (2001). "E-Prints Intersect the Digital Library: Inside the Los Alamos arXiv". Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship (29). doi:10.5062/F44B2Z95.
- McKiernan, Gerry (2000). "ArXiv.org: The los Alamos National Laboratory e‐print server" (PDF). doi:10.1108/14666180010345564. Archived from the original(PDF) on May 5, 2005.
- Pinfield, Stephen (2001). "How Do Physicists Use an E-Print Archive? Implications for Institutional E-Print Services". .
- Quigley, Brian (2000). "Physics Databases and the Los Alamos e-Print Archive". EContent. 23 (5): 22–26.
- Taubes, Gary (1993). "Publication by Electronic Mail Takes Physics by Storm". PMID 17732237.
- Warner, Simeon (2001). "Open Archives Initiative protocol development and implementation at arXiv". arXiv:cs/0101027.
- "What Is q-bio?". Open Access Now. 2004.