Arab Americans
Total population | |
---|---|
2,097,642 U.S. estimate, 2018, self-reported[1] 0.639% of the U.S. population | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Languages | |
Arabic · American English · French · Spanish · other languages in Arab countries | |
Religion | |
Arab Americans (
According to the
A number of indigenous non-Arab ethnic groups in
Population
This section needs to be updated. The reason given is: Needs 2020 Census info.(January 2024) |
The majority of Arab Americans, around 62%, originate from the region of the Levant, which includes Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and Jordan, although overwhelmingly from Lebanon. The remainder are made up of those from Egypt, Morocco, Algeria, Iraq, Libya, the Gulf Cooperation Council, and other Arab nations.
There are nearly 3.5 million Arab Americans in the United States according to The
Sorting by American states, according to the 2000 U.S. census, 48% of the Arab American population, 576,000, reside in California, Michigan, New York, Florida, and New Jersey, respectively; these 5 states collectively have 31% of the net U.S. population. Five other states - Illinois, Texas, Ohio, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania - report Arab American populations of more than 40,000 each. Also, the counties which contained the greatest proportions of Arab Americans were in California, Michigan, New York, Florida, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia.
The cities with 100,000 or more in population with the highest percentages of Arabs are
Arab American ethnic groups
Ancestry | 2000 | 2000 (% of US population) | 2010 | 2010 (% of US population) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lebanese | 440,279 | 0.2% | 501,988 | % |
Syrian | 142,897 | 0.1% | 148,214 | % |
Egyptian | 142,832 | 0.1% | 181,762 | % |
Palestinians | unsurveyed | % | 85,186 | % |
Jordanian | 39,734 | 0.03% | 61,664 | % |
Moroccan | 38,923 | 0.03% | 82,073 | % |
Iraqi | 37,714 | 0.01% | 105,981 | % |
Yemeni | 11,654 | 0.005% | 29,358[12] | % |
Algerian | 8,752 | % | 14,716 | % |
Saudi | 7,419 | % | % | |
Tunisian | 4,735 | % | % | |
Kuwaiti | 3,162 | % | % | |
Libyan | 2,979 | % | % | |
Emirati | 459 | % | % | |
Omani | 351 | % | % | |
"North African" | 3,217 | % | % | |
"Arabs" | 85,151 | % | 290,893 | % |
"Arabic" | 120,665 | % | % | |
Other Arabs | % | 224,241 | % | |
Total | 1,160,729 | 0.4% | 1,697,570 | 0.6% |
Arab population by state (2010)
The U.S. Census Bureau calculates the number of Arab Americans based on the number of people who claimed at least one Arab ancestry as one of their two ancestries. The Arab American Institute surveys the number of people of Arab descent in the U.S., regardless of the number of people who claimed Arab descent in the census.
State/territory | 2010 American Census[13] | Percentage | Arab American Institute (AAI) | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alabama | 9,057 | 0.189 | 34,308[14] | No data |
Alaska | 1,356 | 0.191 | 4,464[15] | No data |
Arizona | 29,474 | 0.461 | 95,427[16] | No data |
Arkansas | 5,019 | 0.172 | 14,472[17] | No data |
California | 269,917 | 0.616 | 817,455[18] | No data |
Colorado | 27,526 | 0.074 | 51,149[19] | No data |
Connecticut | 17,917 | 0.501 | 57,747[20] | No data |
Delaware | 1,092 | 0.122 | 9,000[21] | No data |
District of Columbia |
4,810 | 0.799 | 10,821[22] | No data |
Florida | 114,791 | 0.610 | 301,881[23] | No data |
Georgia | 25,504 | 0.263 | 81,171[24] | No data |
Hawaii | 1,661 | 0.122 | 4,983[25] | No data |
Idaho | 1,200 | 0.077 | 7,617[26] | No data |
Illinois | 87,936 | 0.685 | 256,395[27] | No data |
Indiana | 19,049 | 0.294 | 46,122[28] | No data |
Iowa | 6,426 | 0.211 | 17,436[29] | No data |
Kansas | 8,099 | 0.281 | 23,868[30] | No data |
Kentucky | 10,199 | 0.235 | 28,542[31] | No data |
Louisiana | 11,996 | 0.265 | 50,031[32] | No data |
Maine | 3,103 | 0.234 | 13,224[33] | No data |
Maryland | 28,623 | 0.496 | 76,446[34] | No data |
Massachusetts | 67,643 | 1.033 | 195,450[35] | No data |
Michigan | 153,713 | 1.555 | 500,000[36] | No data |
Minnesota | 11,138 | 0.196 | 32,406[37] | No data |
Mississippi | 6,823 | 0.230 | 20,469[38] | No data |
Missouri | 18,198 | 0.304 | 51,869[39] | No data |
Montana | 1,771 | 0.179 | 5,313[40] | No data |
Nebraska | 6,093 | 0.334 | 25,227[41] | No data |
Nevada | 10,920 | 0.404 | 37,554[42] | No data |
New Hampshire | 6,958 | 0.529 | 25,068[43] | No data |
New Jersey | 84,558 | 0.962 | 257,868[44] | No data |
New Mexico | 7,716 | 0.375 | 13,632[45] | No data |
New York | 160,848 | 0.830 | 449,187[46] | No data |
North Carolina | 33,230 | 0.348 | 91,788[47] | No data |
North Dakota | 1,470 | 0.186 | 4,410[48] | No data |
Ohio | 65,011 | 0.564 | 197,439[49] | No data |
Oklahoma | 9,342 | 0.249 | No data | No data |
Oregon | 13,055 | 0.341 | 41,613[50] | No data |
Pennsylvania | 63,288 | 0.498 | 182,610[51] | No data |
Rhode Island | 7,566 | 0.719 | 26,541[52] | No data |
South Carolina | 9,106 | 0.197 | 32,223[53] | No data |
South Dakota | 2,034 | 0.250 | 6,102[54] | No data |
Tennessee | 24,447 | 0.385 | 71,025[55] | No data |
Texas | 102,367 | 0.407 | 274,701[56] | No data |
Utah | 5,539 | 0.200 | 17,556[57] | No data |
Vermont | 2,583 | 0.413 | 7,749[58] | No data |
Virginia | 59,348 | 0.742 | 169,587[59] | No data |
Washington | 26,666 | 0.397 | 8,850[60] | No data |
West Virginia | 6,329 | 0.342 | 16,581[61] | No data |
Wisconsin | 22,478 | 0.424 | 60,663[62] | No data |
Wyoming | 397 | 0.070 | 1,191[63] | No data |
USA | 1,646,371 | 0.533 | 3,700,000 [64] | No data |
Religious background
According to the Arab American Institute based on the Zogby International Survey in 2002, the breakdown of religious affiliation among persons originating from Arab countries is as follows:
- 35% Melkites))
- 18% Orthodox, including (
- 10% Protestant
- 35%
- 24% Shi'a, and Druze)
- 13% Other Religion; no affiliation[65]
The percentage of Arab Americans who are Muslim has increased in recent years because most new Arab immigrants tend to be Muslim. In the past 10 years, most Arab immigrants were
Arab Christians, especially from Lebanon, Iraq, Palestine, Jordan, Syria, and Egypt, continue to immigrate into the U.S. in the 2000s and continue to form new enclaves and communities across the country.[66]
The United States is the second largest home of Druze communities outside the Middle East after Venezuela (60,000).
Arab American identity
In 2012, prompted in part by post-9/11 discrimination, the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee petitioned the Department of Commerce's Minority Business Development Agency to designate the MENA populations as a minority/disadvantaged community.[69] Following consultations with MENA organizations, the Census Bureau announced in 2014 that it would establish a new MENA ethnic category for populations from Western Asia, North Africa or the Arab world, separate from the white classification that these populations had previously sought in 1909. The expert groups, including some Jewish organizations, felt that the earlier white designation no longer accurately represents MENA identity, so they lobbied for a distinct categorization.[70][71] The 2020 census did not include a separate MENA race category and collected detailed ethnicity information.[72]
In the 2015 National Content Test (NCT) for the 2020 Census, the sampling strata for the new MENA category includes the Census Bureau's working classification of 19 MENA groups, as well as
On March 28, 2024, the Office of Management and Budget published revisions to Statistical Policy Directive No. 15: Standards for Maintaining, Collecting, and Presenting Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity that included the addition of "Middle Eastern or North African" to the race and/or ethnicity categories.[74][75]
The Arab American Institute and other groups have noted that there was a rise in hate crimes targeting the Arab American community as well as people perceived as Arab/Muslim after the September 11 attacks and the U.S.-led 2003 invasion of Iraq.[76]
A new Zogby Poll International found that there are 3.5 million Americans who were identified as "Arab-Americans", or Americans of ancestry belonging to one of the 23 UN member countries of the Arab World (these are not necessarily therefore Arabs). Poll finds that, overall, a majority of those identifying as Arab Americans are Lebanese Americans (largely as a result of being the most numerous group). The
Politics
In a 2007 Zogby poll, 62% of Arab Americans vote
Arab Americans gave George W. Bush a majority of their votes in 2000. However, they backed John Kerry in 2004 and Barack Obama in both 2008 and 2012. They also backed Hillary Clinton in 2016 and Joe Biden in 2020.
According to a 2000 Zogby poll, 52% of Arab Americans are anti-abortion, 74% support the death penalty, 76% are in favor of stricter gun control, and 86% want to see an independent Palestinian state.[80]
In a study, first-generation Arab Americans living in Detroit were found to have values more similar to that of the Arab world than those of the general population living in Detroit, on average, being more closely aligned to the strong traditional values and survival values. This was less the case when participants were secular or belonged to second and subsequent generations.[81]
Non-Arab Americans from Arab countries
There are many U.S. immigrants from the
Most of these ethnic groups speak their own native languages (usually another Semitic language related to Arabic) and have their own customs, along with the Arabic dialect from the Arab country they originate from.
Arab American Heritage Month
also see: National Arab American Heritage Month
In 2014, Montgomery County, Maryland, designated April as Arab American Heritage Month in recognition of the contributions that Arab Americans have made to the nation.[85] Arab America and the Arab America Foundation launched the National Arab American Heritage Month initiative in 2017, with just a handful of states recognizing the initiative. Each year, the Arab America Foundation activates a grass-roots network of over 250 Arab American volunteers in 26 states. It gathers hundreds of proclamations from state governments, counties, municipalities, and local school districts. The first documentary on Arab Americans premiered on PBS in August 2017, "The Arab Americans" features the Arab American immigrant story as told through the lens of American History and the stories of prominent Arab Americans such as actor Jamie Farr, Ralph Nader, Senator George Mitchell, White House Reporter Helen Thomas, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Anthony Shadid, Danny Thomas actor and Founder of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, pollster and author John Zogby, Congressman Nick Rahall, racing legend Bobby Rahal. The documentary is produced and directed by Abe Kasbo.
The
The recognition of the month of April as the National Arab American Heritage Month by the United States Department of State was mainly influenced by independent advocate efforts across the United States calling for inclusivity. Most notably the petition and social change campaign by Pierre Subeh, who is a Middle-Eastern American business expert, executive producer, and author. He orchestrated a self-funded social awareness campaign with over 250 billboards across the country asking the Federal government to recognize the month of April as the National Arab American Heritage Month and issue an official proclamation. His social change campaign called the recognition to be critical as it celebrates Middle Eastern heritage in combatting post-9/11 anti-Arab sentiments and recognizing the social difficulties that Arab Americans face every day in their communities.[87][88][89]
In 2023, President Joe Biden issued an official proclamation on the Arab American Heritage Month.[90]
Festivals
While the spectrum of Arab heritage includes 22 countries, their combined heritage is often celebrated in cultural festivals around the United States.
- New York City
The Annual Arab-American & North African Street Festival was founded in 2002 by the Network of Arab-American Professionals of NY (NAAP-NY).[91] Located in downtown Manhattan, on Great Jones Street between Lafayette & Broadway, the Festival attracts an estimated 15,000 people, in addition to over 30 Arab and North African vendors along with an all-day live cultural performance program representing performers from across the Arab world.
The New York Arab-American Comedy Festival was founded in 2003 by comedian Dean Obeidallah and comedian Maysoon Zayid. Held annually each fall, the festival showcases the talents of Arab-American actors, comics, playwrights and filmmakers, and challenges as well as inspires fellow Arab-Americans to create outstanding works of comedy. Participants include actors, directors, writers and comedians.[92]
- Seattle
Of particular note is ArabFest in
- Phoenix
In 2008, the first annual Arab American Festival in Arizona was held on 1 and 2 November in Glendale, Arizona. There were more than 40,000 attendees over the two-day event; more than 35 international singers, dancers, and musicians from all over the Arab World performed 20 hours of live entertainment on stage. Activities included folklore shows, an international food court, hookah lounge, kids rides and booth vendors, open to the public, and admission was free.[94]
- California
The Annual Arab American Day Festival is a three-day cultural and entertainment event held in Orange County. Activities include book and folk art exhibitions, speeches from community leaders in the county, as well as music and poetry, dancing singing, traditional food, hookah and much more.[95]
- Wisconsin
Since 1996, Milwaukee's Arab World Fest has been part of the summer festival season. It is held on the second weekend of August. This three-day event hosts music, culture, and food celebrating the 22 Arab countries. The festival features live entertainment, belly dancing, hookah rental, camel rides, cooking demonstrations, a children's area and great Arab cuisine. It is a family-friendly festival on Milwaukee's lakefront.[96]
Notable people
See also
- American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee
- Arab American Institute
- Arab American Political Action Committee
- Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services
- Arab American literature
- Arab diaspora
- Arab immigration to the United States
- Arab lobby in the United States
- Arabs in Europe
- Diaspora politics in the United States
- History of the Middle Eastern people in Metro Detroit
- Hyphenated American
- Iraqi diaspora
- Islam in the United States
- Islam in Europe
- List of American Muslims
- Refugees of Iraq
Notes
- ^ In this list are not included Sudanese since, in 2000 and 2010, Sudan and South Sudan were yet one country and yet we only have quantitative data from these groups together. Only the people of Northern Sudan are Arabs, but most Sudanese Americans hailed from the South Sudan. The 2000 - 2010 US Census indicate not the number of Americans of Sudanese (excluding South Sudanese) origin or descent.
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Further reading
- Abraham, Nabeel. "Arab Americans." in Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, ed. by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2014), pp. 125–140. online
- Oweis, Fayeq S. (30 December 2007). Encyclopedia of Arab American Artists. Artists of the American Mosaic. Westport, Conneticuit, USA: Greenwood Press-Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9780313337307.
- Abraham, Nabeel, and Andrew Shryock, eds. Arab Detroit: From Margin to Mainstream (Wayne State UP, 2000).
- Ameri, Anan, and Holly Arida. Daily Life of Arab Americans in the 21st Century (Greenwood, 2012).
- Alsultany, Evelyn. Arabs and Muslims in the Media: Race and Representation after 9/11 (New York University Press, 2012).
- Cainkar, Louis A. Homeland insecurity: the Arab American and Muslim American experience after 9/11 (Russell Sage Foundation, 2009).
- Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck. Becoming American?: The Forging of Arab Muslim Identity in Pluralist America (Baylor University Press, 2011).
- Köszegi, Michael A., and J. Gordon Melton, eds. Islam in North America: A Sourcebook (2 vol. 1992).
- McCarus, Ernest, ed. The Development of Arab-American Identity (U of Michigan Press, 1994).
- Naff, Alixa. Becoming American: The Early Arab Immigrant Experience (Southern Illinois University Press, 1985).
- Naber, Nadine. Arab America: Gender, Cultural Politics, and Activism (New York UP, 2012).
- Odeh, Rasmea. "Empowering Arab Immigrant Women in Chicago: The Arab Women's Committee." Journal of Middle East Women's Studies 15.1 (2019): 117–124.
- Pennock, Pamela E. The Rise of the Arab American Left: Activists, Allies, and Their Fight against Imperialism and Racism, 1960s–1980s (U of North Carolina Press, 2017). xii, 316 pp
- Shahin, Saif. "Unveiling the American-Muslim press: News agendas, frames, and functions." Journalism (2014) 16#7 884-903 https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884914545376
- ISBN 0674375122, pp 128–136, Online free to borrow
- Waleed, F. Mahdi. Arab Americans In Film: From Hollywood And Egyptian Stereotypes To Self-Representation (Syracuse University Press, 2020).
- Wills, Emily Regan. Arab New York: Politics and Community in the Everyday Lives of Arab Americans (NYU Press, 2019).