Arcadia (utopia)
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Arcadia (
The inhabitants were often regarded as having continued to live after the manner of the Golden Age, without the pride and avarice that corrupted other regions.[1] It is also sometimes referred to in English poetry as Arcady. The inhabitants of this region bear an obvious connection to the figure of the noble savage, both being regarded as living close to nature, uncorrupted by civilization, and virtuous.
In antiquity
According to Greek mythology,
In the 3rd century BCE the Greek poet Theocritus wrote idealised views of the lives of peasants in Arcadia for his fellow educated inhabitants of the squalid and disease-ridden city of Alexandria.[2]
Greek mythology and the poetry of Theocritus inspired the Roman poet Virgil to write his Eclogues, a series of poems with references to Arcadia as the home of Pan, pipes and singing.[3][4]
In the Renaissance
Arcadia has remained a popular artistic subject since antiquity, both in visual arts and literature. As Renaissance artists turned to classical antiquity for inspiration, artistic references to Arcadia underwent a revival.[1][
Of particular note is
In the 1580s Sir
Though depicted as contemporary, this pastoral form is often connected with the Golden Age. It may be suggested that its inhabitants have merely continued to live as persons did in the Golden Age, and all other nations have less pleasant lives because they have allowed themselves to depart from original simplicity.
Acadia
The 16th-century Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano applied the name "Arcadia" to the entire North American Atlantic coast north of Virginia. In time, this mutated to Acadia. The Dictionary of Canadian Biography says: "Arcadia, the name Verrazzano gave to Maryland or Virginia 'on account of the beauty of the trees', made its first cartographical appearance in the 1548 Gastaldo map and is the only name on that map to survive in Canadian usage. . . . In the 17th century Champlain fixed its present orthography, with the 'r' omitted, and Ganong has shown its gradual progress northwards, in a succession of maps, to its resting place in the Atlantic Provinces".
Revival of Mi'kmaq language has provided strong reason to believe that Verrazzano was informed by the name the Mi'kmaq gave to this place. The name Acadie may be derived from the Mi'kmaq, because in their language the word "cadie" means "place of abundance" and can be found in names such as "Tracadie" and "Shubenacadie".[5]
In 19th-century art
In 1848, Judge Samuel Treat, of St. Louis described life of the early settlers in the Midwest with the sentence "Each family produced whatever was necessary for its own consumption, and lived in almost Arcadian simplicity."[6]
Composer W. S. Gilbert used the concept of Arcadia in his musicals Happy Arcadia (1872) and Iolanthe (1882).
Around 1880, the German painter Wilhelm von Kaulbach produced an etching, named "Faust und Helena in Arkadien". Faust and Helena are shown in the Arcadian grove, at the place of cheerful poetry, where they produced a son, Euphorion. He represent the spirit of antiquity married to the Nordic-German spirit, as an allegory of German-Greek poetry.[7]
The American painter
In popular culture
One of the most popular
Pastoral science fiction
Pastoral science fiction stories typically show a reverence for the land, its life-giving food harvests, the cycle of the seasons, and the role of the community. While fertile agrarian environments on Earth or Earth-like planets are common settings, some works may be set in ocean or desert planets or habitable moons. The rural dwellers, such as farmers and small-townspeople, are depicted sympathetically, albeit with the tendency to portray them as
See also
- Acadia
- Arcadia (region of Greece)
- Giovanni Francesco Barbieri
- Garden of Eden
- Locus amoenus
- Millennialism
- Neverland
- Olam Haba
- Otherworld
Notes
- ISBN 0-271-01904-2
- ^ "JSTOR daily, Cottagecore debuted 2300 years ago". 11 November 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-12-05. Retrieved 2020-11-14.
- ^ Garson, R. W. (1971), “Theocritean Elements in Virgil’s Eclogues.” The Classical Quarterly, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 188–203. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/637834. Accessed 20 Mar. 2024.
- ^ Jenkyns, R. (1989), Virgil and Arcadia. The Journal of Roman Studies, 79, 26–39. https://doi.org/10.2307/301178
- ^ "What is the meaning of the word "Acadie"? » Acadian Museum of Prince Edward Island". museeacadien.org. Archived from the original on 25 March 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
- ^ Allen, L. P. (Luther Prentice) (1901) [1848]. The genealogy and history of the Shreve family from 1641;. Greenfield, Ill., Priv. print. p. 627.
- ^ Manuel Gogos (2014-01-15). "Das Feuer hinter den Bildern". Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (in German). Archived from the original on 2022-06-29. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
- ^ "Arcadia ca. 1883". www.metmuseum.org. Archived from the original on 2022-08-14. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
- ^ hoakley (2016-09-26). "Thomas Eakins: the centenary of his death". The Eclectic Light Company. Archived from the original on 2022-05-16. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
- S2CID 192634190.
- ^ Louis Torres (August 2003). "Thomas Eakins: Painting Pure Thought". www.aristos.org. Archived from the original on 2021-12-02. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
- ^ "Arcadian Painter Anshutz Sentimentalized Workers". Observer. 2001-04-30. Archived from the original on 2022-05-26. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
- ^ Green, p. 14
- ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-11-15.
References
- Green, Stanley (22 March 1980). "The Arcadians". Guide to Musical Theatre. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0306801132.
External links
- Net in Arcadia Virtual Museum of Contemporary Classicism