Pontifical Academy of Arcadia
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The Accademia degli Arcadi or Accademia dell'Arcadia, "Academy of Arcadia" or "Academy of the Arcadians", was an Italian literary academy founded in Rome in 1690. The full Italian official name was Pontificia Accademia degli Arcadi.
History
Foundation
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The beginnings of the Accademia degli Arcadi date to February 1656, when a literary circle formed under the patronage of
The first solemn gathering of the Arcadians was held on the
The fourteen founders selected as the first Custode di Arcadia or president of the academy,
Orsini Gardens & Beyond
In 1692, the meetings were transferred to the gardens of
While the academy was still on the Palatine, its Statuto or Constitution was drawn up. This constitution (the work of co-founder
The celebrated opera librettist Pietro Metastasio (1698–1782) although he had his own differences with Arcadia, was a student of Gravina's, and a leading light of the academy's second generation. His works, of which the best remembered might be Il Re Pastore because of its setting by Mozart, may represent the closest thing to a justification of the program that Arcadia achieved.
In 1795, the academy admitted the Italian Diodata Saluzzo Roero, as one of its first female members,[6] but some evidence does exist for earlier female members. In the 17th century, the poet Maria Antonia Scalera Stellini was elected a member, and the 1721 edition of the Academy's publication included work by Caterina Imperiale Lercari Pallavicini. Margherita Sparapani Gentili Boccapadule was also a member.[7]
Anti-Arcadian Reaction
A violent anti-Arcadian reaction soon developed, and, starting from the early 19th century, Arcadianism began to be regarded as a late and unconvincing expression of the ancien régime. After the end of the French Revolution, the Academy strove to renew itself in accord with the spirit of the times, without sacrificing its traditional system of sylvan associations and pastoral names. The Academy no longer represented a literary school, but a general interest in the classics and figures like Dante came to be greatly honoured by its members. Furthermore, the Academy's field of endeavour was enlarged to include many branches of study, including history and archaeology. The new Arcadian revival was marked by the foundation (1819) of the Giornale Arcadico. In 1925 the Academy was renamed to become the Arcadia – Accademia Letteraria Italiana, a historical institute.
Legacy
The Accademia degli Arcadi counted among its members some of the principal literary men and women of the time, including Carlo Alessandro Guidi, Petronilla Paolini Massimi, Benedetto Menzini, librettist Pietro Metastasio, Francesco Redi Paolo Rolli, and linguist Clotilde Tambroni, among others. The famous composer George Frideric Handel is known to have often attended the meetings and symposia of the Arcadians when studying in Italy, under the patronage of Ruspoli, a leading member of the Academy. There is an interesting account of the Academy's history and program in Goethe's 'Italian Journey'.
The archives of the academy are currently housed in the
Atti e memorie dell'Accademia letteraria italiana was published by the academy.[8]
Notes
- ^ public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Crescimbeni, Giovanni Mario". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 411–412. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
- ^ Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Academy of Arcadia". Encyclopedia Britannica
- ^ Estirpare il cattivo gusto e le bizzarrie che si erano introdotti nella lingua poetica
- ^ Tuker, Mildred Anna Rosalie and Malleson, Hope. Handbook to Christian and Ecclesiastical Rome, Parts 3-4, A. and C. Black, 1900, p. 559
- ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.(subscription required)
- ^ Letizia Panizza & Sharon Wood (2000). "A History of Women's Writing in Italy". p. 144.
- ^ Di Jean-Pierre Lobies, François-Pierre Lobies, Index bio-bibliographicus notorum hominum, Biblio Verlag, 1973, p. 493. ISBN 3-7648-0726-1, 9783764807269. E anche in Fernando Mazzocca, Enrico Colle, Stefano Susino, Il Neoclassicismo in Italia da Tiepolo a Canova, Milano, SKIRA, 2002, p. 477.
- ^ Copac record; accessed 19 July 2019
References
- Barroero, L. and Susinno, S. 'Arcadian Rome, Universal Capital of the Arts', in Art in Rome in the Eighteenth Century, ed. E. P. Bowron and J. J. Rishel, 47–77 (Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2000)
- Dixon, S. M. (1999) "Women in Arcadia", Eighteenth Century Studies, 32(3), pp. 371–375.
- Dixon, S. M. (2006) Between the real and the ideal: the Accademia degli Arcadi and its garden in eighteenth-century Rome (Newark, Del.: University of Delaware Press).
- Forment, B. (2008) Moonlight on Endymion: In Search of “Arcadian Opera,” 1688-1721, Journal of Seventeenth-Century Music, 14(1). Online: https://sscm-jscm.org/v14/no1/forment.html
- Giorgetti Vichi, A. M. (ed.) (1977) Gli Arcadi dal 1690 al 1800: Onomasticon (Rome, Arcadia – Accademia Letteraria Italiana). (List of members.)
- Claudio Rendina, Enciclopedia di Roma, Rome: Newton Compton, 2000.